Precision electric meters are indispensable to the development of technology in this age. The first electric measuring instruments, however, were physically impossible to transport, and were functionally inadequate for use in a laboratory. The measuring instruments of today have evolved into sturdy, easy-to-use instruments with higher performance, adopting new active components which have appeared

Although there is increasing interest in the relationship between organizational constructs and health services outcomes, information on the reliability and validity of the instruments measuring these constructs is sparse. Twelve instruments were identified that may have applicability in measuring organizational constructs in the healthcare setting. The authors describe and characterize these i...

Environmental storage conditions, particularly air temperature, relative humidity and air velocity, have a major role in maintaining fruit and vegetable quality during cold storage. The constant low temperature, high relative humidity (RH) and moderate air flow are important to limit perishable quality. Storage temperature controls must be well calibrated to maintain a precise level of control....

GODWIN JESCHAL, Politik und Wissenschaft deutscher Aerzte im Ersten Weltkrieg, (Wutrzburger Medizinhistorische Forschungen, Band 13), Pattensen/ Han., Horst Wellm Verlag, 1980, 8vo, pp. 169, DM. 26.00 (paperback). This doctoral thesis from Berlin tells the old and unedifying story of how the leaders of the German medical profession followed their imperialist government in supporting the 1914-18...

The fundamental experimental findings on speech and musical sounds date back to the pre-electronic era. It is interesting to estimate the accuracy of the mechanical measurement tools which have been used in that time. For this purpose, the authors performed measurements at historic acoustic resonators and at some prototypes of MAREY’s capsules. The results are summarized in this paper.

Embedded systems show the tendency of becoming more and more connected. This fact combined with the trend towards the Internet of Things, from which measuring instruments are not immune (e.g., smart meters), lets one assume that security in measuring instruments will inevitably play an important role soon. Additionally, measuring instruments have adopted general-purpose operating systems to off...

Since during design it is impossible to use the uncertainty approach because the measurement results are still absent and as noted the error approach that can be successfully applied taking as true the nominal value of instruments transformation function. Limiting possibilities of additive error correction of measuring instruments for Cyber-Physical Systems are studied basing on general and spe...