The role of ion channels expressed in sensory neurons on mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia was examined in a rat model of cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy. The rats were injected with 3mg/kg of cisplatin intraperitoneally once per week for five consecutive weeks. The von Frey test, pin-prick test and plantar test were performed to examine any noxious sensitivity of the skin. The Randal...

BACKGROUND The roles of descending facilitatory pathway from the rostral medial medulla (RMM) in development of persistent spontaneous nociception and hyperalgesia were evaluated in the bee venom (BV) test and the formalin test. METHODS Bilateral lesions of the RMM with ibotenic acid, a soma-selective neurotoxin, were performed to study their effects on the spontaneous pain-related behaviors ...

background and purpose: progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain is the main mechanism of parkinson’s disease (pd). recent studies have shown ceftriaxone, a β-lactam antibiotic, to be a neuroprotective in various neurodegenerative disorders. hence, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of ceftriaxone on behavioral disturbances of pd in an animal model. method...

In recent years, Mechanical Turk (MTurk) has revolutionized social science by providing a way to collect behavioral data with unprecedented speed and efficiency. However, MTurk was not intended to be a research tool, and many common research tasks are difficult and time-consuming to implement as a result. TurkPrime was designed as a research platform that integrates with MTurk and supports task...

BACKGROUND Tolerance to the analgesic effect of morphine complicates the management of chronic pain states. The authors studied the ability of the glycine/N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist (+)-HA966 to modify morphine tolerance in a rat model of neuropathic pain. METHODS Mononeuropathy was induced by placing four ligatures around the common sciatic nerve. The 4-day pretreatment regimen...

Neuropathic pain is caused by a lesion or disease affecting the nervous systems, and is generally manifested as spontaneous pain, hyperalgesia, and allodynia. Previous study indicate that saffron has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, we investigated whether saffron and crocin, a major constitute of saffron, would infleuence on behavioral responses of pain induced by chronic constric...

The problem: The standard Hamblin/Karttunen semantics for Polar Questions (PolQ), (1a), and alternative questions composed of two polar alternatives (AltQ∨N), (1b), induces equivalent partitions: (1a-i) and (1b-i) (the canonical intonation is as indicated ([7, 5])). (1) a. Are you making pasta L * H-H% ? (final raising) [PolQ] i. (1a)(w 0)= λq[q = λw.make(pasta, you, w) ∨q = λw.¬make(pasta, you...

In (1a), respective appears to enforce a mapping on the main predication that aligns Mr. Smith with his wife and Mr. Jones with his wife, as paraphrased in (1b). Note that sentence (1c) also has this reading, in addition to one that respective appears to rule out in (1a), in which both men love both women. There is an assortment of interesting facts that any analysis of respective must be compa...