Background: There are many causes of mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy, such as neoplasms, granulomatous diseases, infections and reactive hyperplasia. Nowadays, the popularity of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUSTBNA) is increasing in the diagnosis of mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy. We aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of EBUS-TBNA in pat...

The association of systemic sarcoidosis with malignant neoplasms has been reported by several publications although there is controversy as to whether sarcoidosis predisposes patients to certain types of tumors or whether it is the tumors that cause a sarcoid reaction. The relationship between endobronchial carcinoid tumor and sarcoidosis is uncommon. We report the case of a 43-year-old male wh...

Castleman’s disease is an atypical lymphoproliferative disorder of unknown etiology, which might be associated with various clinical conditions, including autoimmune diseases and malignant neoplasms. We report the case of a 72-year-old female patient who was referred to the thoracic surgery department of Getúlio Vargas University Hospital, in the city of Manaus, Brazil, for the resection of a p...

Carcinoid tumor of the thymus is a rare neoplasm. It comprises a wide spectrum of lesions ranging from well-differentiated to poorly-differentiated neoplasms. We report a case of anterior mediastinal mass, which is proven to be an atypical thymic carcinoid tumor with a histopathological nature of intermediate-grade moderately-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma. We also present the patient’...

Castleman's disease is an atypical lymphoproliferative disorder of unknown etiology, which might be associated with various clinical conditions, including autoimmune diseases and malignant neoplasms. We report the case of a 72-year-old female patient who was referred to the thoracic surgery department of Getúlio Vargas University Hospital, in the city of Manaus, Brazil, for the resection of a p...

We conducted a five-year review of our use of TBNA during bronchoscopy in our clinical practice. Out of 1,630 bronchoscopic procedures, 633 patients (39 percent) had TBNA performed as part of the initial examination. Mediastinal nodes were sampled in 86 percent of the patients who had TBNA performed, and 127 (23 percent) of 547 of these aspirates were positive. Other areas of mucosal abnormalit...

Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumors (ES/PNET) are high-grade malignant neoplasms. These malignancies present very rare tumors of thoracopulmonary area and even rarer in the mediastinum. In our knowledge, ES/PNET presented with multiple mediastinal masses has not been reported previously. We experienced a case of a 42-year-old man presented with gradual onset of left-side pleuritic ch...

BACKGROUND During the last 20 years Hodgkin's disease (HD) has become one of the most curable neoplasms; in fact, more than 75-80% of patients are expected to achieve long-term relapse-free survival with appropriate therapy. However, overall survival has been affected by intercurrent or treatment-induced diseases such as the increased risk of cardiac toxicity in patients who received mediastina...

The Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors is an uncommon group of malignant neoplasms that may be located in both skeletal and extraskeletal regions. Extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma (EES) is quite rare and predominantly involves the soft tissues of the trunk or the extremities. Herein, we report the case of a 19-year-old female patient who complained of left arm pain. Simple chest radiography revealed...

Metaplastic thymoma (MT), accepted in the World Health Organization 2004 scheme, is a circumscribed tumor of the thymus exhibiting biphasic morphology. We herein describe the clinicopathologic features of four MTs and the differential diagnoses of this unusual tumor. There were three women and one man with mean age of 49.5 years. The patients were found to have mediastinal masses, and underwent...