The consumption of a high-fat meal induces transient vascular dysfunction. Aerobic exercise enhances vascular function in healthy individuals. Our purpose was to determine if different levels of aerobic capacity impact vascular function, as measured by flow mediated dilation, following a high-fat meal. Flow mediated dilation of the brachial artery was determined before, two- and four-hours post...

In this edition of Hypertension, the Framingham Heart Study group reports on the relationship between diastolic shear stress and brachial artery flow mediated dilation (FMD) in 2045 participants of the Framingham Offspring group.1 Clinical correlates and heritability of FMD in the participants have been published previously.2 The new report1 challenges conventional concepts on endothelial funct...

A CORNERSTONE OF THE “exercise is medicine” movement is that regular exercise has widespread health benefits. Compared with the number of studies that have characterized health outcomes, relatively few address the mechanisms for the health outcomes. The study by Birk et al. (1) in the Journal of Applied Physiology presents evidence for the role of increased blood flow as the mechanism for enhan...

Changes in arterial shear stress induce functional and structural vasculature adaptations. Recent studies indicate that substantial retrograde flow and shear can occur through human conduit arteries. In animals, retrograde shear is associated with atherogenic effects. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of incremental levels of retrograde shear on endothelial function in vivo. On 3 ...

AIMS/INTRODUCTION The present multicenter, prospective, controlled, open and randomized three-arm parallel study was designed to compare the effects of linagliptin with those of metformin on endothelial function. MATERIALS AND METHODS Type 2 diabetes patients treated with 750 mg of metformin (hemoglobin A1c ≥6.0% and <8.0%, n = 96) were randomized to continue metformin 750 mg/day (control gro...

We studied the effects of native (N) and oxidized (Ox) low density lipoproteins (LDLs) on adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-mediated and on guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP)-mediated dilator mechanisms in isolated, perfused human mammary and rabbit femoral arteries. Dilations were induced in preconstricted, deendothelialized segments by either forskolin (Fo) or sodium nitrop...

Insulin resistance (IR) impairs vascular responses in peripheral arteries. However, the effects of IR on cerebrovascular control mechanisms are completely unexplored. We examined the vascular function of isolated middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) from fructose-fed IR and control rats. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation elicited by bradykinin (BK) was reduced in IR compared with control MCAs. Maxi...