One definition of futility is any treatment that merely preserves permanent unconsciousness or fails to end total dependence of a patient on intensive medical care [1] . However, no agreement has ever been reached on what the exact definition of futility is, as it is not only based on temporary values but also evolves into different subtypes, making it harder to define [2] . The difficulty in d...

provides a fascinating window into the complex issue of use of the principle of medical futility in critical care practice. The editors constructed three cases, designed to range from a patient likely to benefit from the therapy we call 'intensive care' to a patient for whom this therapy would provide no benefit and therefore could be considered medically futile. They then identified critical c...

The issue of medical futility requires a well-defined process in which both sides of the dispute can be heard and a resolution reached in a fair and ethical manner. Procedural approaches to medical futility cases provide all parties involved with a process-driven framework for resolving these disputes. Medical paternalism or the belief in the absolute rightness of the medical model will not ser...

This essay surveys the need for a clear and objective definition of medical futility. It is urged that once agreement is obtained for structuring operational guidelines for determining futility, a three-tier decisional structure can be developed for testing whether a given treatment falls within the scope of these guidelines. Under the first tier, the treating physician would be given the prima...

Acceptance of the concept of medical futility facilitates a paradigm shift from curative to palliative medicine, accommodating a more humane approach and avoiding unnecessary suffering in the course of the dying process. This should not be looked upon as abandoning the patient but rather as providing the patient and family with an opportunity to come to terms with the dying process. It also doe...