The specific volumes and viscosities of the Ni-Zr liquid alloys as a function of temperature are determined by employing a digitizing technique and numerical analysis methods applied to the optical images of the electrostatically levitated liquid alloys. The results show that the specific volume of the NiZr2 alloy is significantly smaller than that of an ideal mixture of the constituting metals...

Double-Electrode Gas Metal Arc Welding, referred to as DE-GMAW, is a novel process which decouples the melting current into base metal current and bypass current by adding a bypass torch to a conventional GMAW system to establish a bypass arc. This makes it possible to increase the melting current while the base metal current still be controlled at a desired level. Experiments have been done to...

Ordered hybrid nanostructures for nanophotonics applications are fabricated by a novel approach via femtosecond laser melting of asymmetric metal-dielectric (Au/Si) nanoparticles created by lithographical methods. The approach allows selective reshaping of the metal components of the hybrid nanoparticles without affecting the dielectric ones and is applied for tuning of the scattering propertie...

The melting point of gallium (29.7646 °C) is a defining thermometric fixed point of the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90). Realization of this melting point is performed using a fixedpoint cell containing high-purity (≥99.999 99 wt. % pure) gallium. A 30 kg single lot of gallium (99.999 9956 wt. % pure) constituting Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1751 was evaluated, and certif...

Nanosize-controllable Cu, Ag, Pd, Ni, CuPd alloy and Cu-Ag bimetal encapsulated in inert carbon shells can be synthesized by carbonization of metal-cyclodextrin complexes with a remarkable capability of experimentally determining the size-dependent melting temperature depression of many metal or alloy nanoparticles.

Ionic liquids are molten salts that have low melting points. This review concentrates upon eutectic mixtures of quaternary ammonium salts and metal salts (usually halides). These so-called eutectic based ionic liquids can be used for the electrodeposition and dissolution of a wide range of metals and alloys. The review highlights the technological challenges involved in the application of ionic...

The preparation of yttrium metal by the reduction of yttrium trifluoride with calcium is described. Alternate methods employing the formation of a low melting Y-Zn or Y-Mg intermediate alloy are evaluated and data on chemical and microscopic purity of the resulting metal are presented.

An account is presented of the work done in the USSR on the generation of thermal plasma, plasma melting, and plasma jet processes. The various methods of plasma generation are reviewed, such as arc plasma generators and high frequency (HF) plasma generators including HF-induction plasmatrons, HF-capacity plasmatrons and HF-flame plasmatrons. Plasma melting techniques covered include plasma-arc...

Ultrasonic irradiation of slurries produces high velocity impacts between solid metal particles that are sufficient to cause interparticle melting. Sonication of 5 mum Zn powder as a slurry in alkanes, for example, produces dense agglomerates 50 mum in diameter consisting of approximately 1000 fused particles. Particle size was found to be the most influential parameter in inducing local meltin...

We present an algorithm that models stained glass in a physicallyrealistic manner. Stained glass is made by melting glass material with metal oxides that determine the color. Metal oxides are scattered in the glass, and we model it by distributing metal oxides in the volume defined by the glass. We render our stained glass model using a modified photon mapping. Our model is capable of modeling ...