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Advocacy of ‘methodological individualism’ is a widespread, especially among economists. However, the term is rarely defined with adequate precision and some crucial ambiguities are explored in this article. Among these is the commonplace ambivalence over whether explanations should be in terms of individuals alone, or in terms of individuals plus relations between them. It is shown that a grea...

This paper investigates the systemic nature of methodological individualism. According to widespread belief, the notion of autonomy of the actor that is defended by methodological individualism is mistaken because it is incompatible with the study of society in terms of its organized structure. We argue that this viewpoint must be rejected. In our opinion, it stems from confusion between ontolo...

Various methodological problems have occurred in some recent free-response experiments in parapsychology. Statistical errors have involved improper assumptions of independence, multiple analysis of data, and, to a lesser extent, data selection and misapplication of the normal approximation to the binomial. The inability to accurately measure information in free-response judging procedures has l...