Metronidazole, a common antibacterial drug, was incorporated into a hydrophilic polymer matrix composed of chitosan xanthan gum mixture. Hydrogel formation of this binary chitosan-xanthan gum combination was tested for its ability to control the release of metronidazole as a drug model. This preparation (MZ-CR) was characterized by in vitro, ex vivo bioadhesion and in vivo bioavailability study...

This study compared high dose ranitidine versus low dose omeprazole with antibiotics for the eradication of H pylori. 80 patients (mean age 48 years, range 18-75) who had H pylori infection were randomised in an investigator-blind manner to either a two-week regime of omeprazole 20 mg daily, amoxycillin 500 mg tid and metronidazole 400 mg tid (OAM), or ranitidine 600 mg bd, amoxycillin 500 mg t...

BACKGROUND Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic, Gram-positive bacterium that has been implicated as the leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Metronidazole is currently the first-line treatment for mild to moderate C. difficile infections. Our laboratory isolated a strain of C. difficile with a stable resistance phenotype to metronidazole. A shotgun proteomics approach was used to ...

Background:Bacteroides fragilis is the most common anaerobic pathogen isolated from surgical site infections (SSIs). Metronidazole resistance is increasing and the mechanisms of resistance are not clear in some isolates. The aim of the present study was to investigate the metronidazole susceptibility prevalence, and detect nim genes in B. fragilis isolates from SSIs. Methods: This study include...

It was recently demonstrated that inactivation of the rdxA gene, which encodes an oxygen-insensitive NADPH nitroreductase, is associated with the development of resistance to metronidazole by Helicobacter pylori. In order to further evaluate the contribution of rdxA to metronidazole resistance, the sequence of the rdxA gene was determined for a series of metronidazole-sensitive and -resistant i...

We assessed pharmacokinetic and safety profiles of ceftazidime-avibactam administered ± metronidazole, and whether drug-drug interactions exist between ceftazidime and avibactam, or ceftazidime-avibactam and metronidazole. The first study (NCT01430910) involved two cohorts of healthy subjects. Cohort 1 received ceftazidime-avibactam (2000-500 mg) as a single infusion or as multiple intravenous ...

We have studied the antimicrobial action of metronidazole against Bacteroides fragilis and Escherichia coli both in pure cultures and in combination. Concentrations of metronidazole above the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) produced a marked bactericidal effect on B fragilis at six hours. E coli however showed only a slight and transitory decrease in population when exposed to concentrat...

BACKGROUND Although several cases of metronidazole-induced encephalopathy have been reported, to our knowledge, there is no previous report of brain changes in anterior commissure, basal ganglia, cerebellar white matter, and inferior olivary nuclei on magnetic resonance images. The precise mechanisms of action of metronidazole-induced encephalopathy have not been determined. OBJECTIVES To rep...

Histomoniasis or blackhead disease is a life-threatening disease of turkeys that is caused by a flagellated protozoan, Histomonas meleagridis. Currently metronidazole and nitarsone are used commonly against blackhead disease in Pakistan. Initially we tested the sensitivity of H. meleagridis collected from field outbreak in turkey to metronidazole (Flagyl®) and nitarsone (Histostat-50TM®) using ...

Trichomonas vaginalis is a common sexually transmitted protozoan parasite. Although often considered simply a nuisance infection, T. vaginalis has been implicated in premature rupture of placental membranes and increases in the risk of acquiring human immunodeficiency virus. Metronidazole, a 5-nitroimidazole, is currently the drug of choice to treat T. vaginalis infection. Because some patients...