In this paper we consider a queuing system in which the service times of customers are independent and identically distributed random variables, the arrival process is stationary and has the property of orderliness, and the queue discipline is arbitrary. For this queuing system we obtain the steady state second moment of the queue size in terms of the stationary waiting time distribution of a s...

Solid state cooling technologies based on electrocaloric, magnetocaloric and mechanocaloric effects have received much attention during the past decade. To further improve the cooling efficiency and reduce the driving field, it is desirable to combine multiple effects in a single system. Here, we report on the caloric effects induced by both electric field and strain in PbZr0.95Ti0.05O3 films d...

The ternary perovskite system PbTiO3-Bi(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3-Bi(Mg1/2Ti1/2)O3 was investigated in an attempt to capture the enhanced tetragonality of the PbTiO3-Bi(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3 binary system at a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) to improve piezoelectric performance. Results from the (1 x)[0.75 PbTiO3-0.25Bi(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3]-(x)Bi(Mg1/2Ti1/2)O3 pseudo-binary solution indicate the formation of an MPB-ty...

1 − x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3−xPbTiO3 (x = 0, 5, and 10 mol%) ceramics were prepared using a conventional mixed oxide solid state reaction method. The low-temperature relaxor behavior of (1 − x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–xPbTiO3 ceramics were examined in the temperature range from 120 to 523 K. A broad dielectric maximum that shifted to higher temperatures with increasing frequency, signified the relaxor-type b...

Swarming motility of Serratia liquefaciens MG1 requires the expression of two genetic loci, flhDC and swrI. Here we demonstrate that the products of the flhDC operon (the flagellar master regulator) and the swrI gene (the extracellular signal molecule N-butanoyl-L-homoserine lactone) are global regulators which control two separate regulons.

random early detection (red) is one of the most commonly used active queue management (aqm) algorithms that is recommended by ietf for deployment in the network. although red provides low average queuing delay and high throughput at the same time, but effectiveness of red is highly sensitive to the red parameters setting. as network condition varies largely, setting red's parameters with fixed ...

Existence of capacity drop phenomenon, as the difference between pre-queue and queue discharge flow rates, has been one of the controversial concepts of traffic engineering. Several researches have focused on capacity drop existence and also its estimation issues. This paper aims to estimate capacity drop based not only on a comparison between breakdown and queue discharge flow rates, but also ...