BACKGROUND Pterygium is a fibrovascular growth of the bulbar conjunctiva and underlying subconjunctival tissue that may cause blindness. The mechanism of pterygium formation is not yet fully understood, but pterygium has some tumorlike features. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between arsenic exposure through drinking water and the occurrence of pterygiu...

BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested that acute necrotising gingivitis precedes noma disease and that noma clusters in some villages in certain regions of low- and middle-income countries. We sought to assess the prevalence of gingivitis with bleeding in young children from villages with or without a history of noma and to analyse epidemiological differences related to sociodemographic ch...

The present study was undertaken to encourage the farmers to cultivate fodder grasses as an intercrop in the areca and coconut gardens. A live demonstration of fodder crops was under taken in 12 villages of Bhadravathi taluk, Shimoga district, Karnataka, to educate the farmers in cultivating perennial fodder grasses in their areca and coconut gardens as inter crops.100 farmers were selected ran...

Incident HIV infections refl ect the inadequacy of prevention strategies, and the failure to adequately use proven eff ective interventions. Following compelling evidence from three independent community trials in South Africa, Uganda, and Kenya, WHO and the Joint UN Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) recommended that voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) should be part of a comprehensive HIV ...

This paper seeks to describe the overall state of Rural Solid Waste Management (RSWM) in China in three main areas: waste collection services, waste transportation services and waste disposal services. Given China’s urbanization, industrialization, and the subsequent improvement of household living standards, the amount of solid waste generated in rural China has increased rapidly. Based on pri...

PURPOSE To determine the burden of trachoma and its related risk factors amongst the native population of Car-Nicobar Island in India. METHODS Rapid assessment for trachoma was conducted in ten villages of Car-Nicobar Island according to standard WHO guidelines. An average of 50 children aged 1-9 years were assessed clinically for signs of active trachoma and facial cleanliness in each villag...

1937. Public Health, Punjab, in Ma* orted from two The outbreak had been 1fl and Salehwali. adjoining villages, Yusufwa ^ consisted These, like other villages m ^_Walled huts of a few isolated hamlets o ounded by an with thatched roofs and weres c0vered with extensive area of junsj? noDulation of bot brushwood and scrub. The 1 individuals, the villages consisted of abou icUitural purmost of who...

Hillier and other researchers combined analysis of urban grids using axial maps with counts of pedestrian movements. They recognised the influence these grids played on pedestrian movements in cities and developed the ‘law of natural movement’ in which urban grids are principal generators of pedestrian movement and starting point for a city’s development into specialised ‘generative’ and ‘conse...

Free-roaming dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) are of public health and conservation concern because of their potential to transmit diseases, such as rabies, to both people and wildlife. Understanding domestic dog population dynamics and how they could potentially be impacted by interventions, such as rabies vaccination, is vital for such disease control efforts. For four years, we measured demogra...

BACKGROUND The aim of the STRIPES trial was to assess the effectiveness of providing supplementary, remedial teaching and learning materials (and an additional 'kit' of materials for girls) on a composite of language and mathematics test scores for children in classes two, three and four in public primary schools in villages in the Nagarkurnool division of Andhra Pradesh, India. METHODS STRIP...