........................................................................................................................ 3 PREFACE ............................................................................................................................ 5 LIST OF ORIGINAL PUBLICATIONS....................................................................................... 9 ABBREVIATIONS .........

Surface features have been recognised to be significant in many fields and the characterisation techniques are being constantly improved. The surface characterisation systems are developed by various instrument companies and institutions. However, the lack of good extensibility, reusability and maintainability is a serious obstacle to the system innovation. Component based software development ...

Autotrophic archaeal and bacterial ammonia-oxidisers (AOA and AOB) drive soil nitrification. Ammonia limitation, mixotrophy, and pH have been suggested as factors providing niche specialisation and differentiation between soil AOA and AOB. However, current data from genomes, cultures, field studies, and microcosms suggest that no single factor discriminates between AOA and AOB. In addition, the...

Treatment of wastewater has been a hotspot research since ages. Emerging technologies and methodologies have postulated to resolve the issue worldwide. Almost 97.2% our earth is covered with water bodies, out which 12,500 bodies are situated in India. As per statistics, nearly 70% polluted Southern Asia. Presence emerging pollutants exacerbate quality flowing water. Amongst all possible ways, m...

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