Two trials were conducted to investigate the effects of disodium fumarate (DSF; 0.00, 8.00, 10.00 and 12.00 mM) and thyme essential oil (TEO; 0.00, 100.00, 200.00, 300.00 and 400.00 µL L-1) solely and simultaneously (10.00 mM DSF along with 100.00, 200.00, 300.00 and 400 µL L-1 TEO) on in vitro ruminal fermentation of a 50:50 alfalfa hay to concentrate diet. The D...

this experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of crude protein and probiotic in diets on performance, egg quality  and blood biochemical and immunity parameters of laying hens. a completely randomized design with factorial method (2×4) was conducted in which two levels of crude protein (nrc and 10% lower than nrc recommendation) and 4 levels of probiotic (0, .025%, 0...

Current ruminant feeding systems depend on knowledge of the composition of feeds and the rate and extent of degradation of feed organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) in the rumen. The effect of storage and preparation of samples on in vitro gas production and fermentation characteristics of two common forage species, namely alfalfa and ryegrass werestudied. Samples were prepared as fresh (...

Twenty-four Holstein dairy cows were used to evaluate the single and combined effects of different levels of crude protein (CP) and monensin treatment during early lactation on blood metabolites, milk yield and digestion of dairy cows. The experiment was designed as a completely randomized block with a 3×2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The factors were three concentrations of CP suppleme...

The objectives of this study aimed to evaluate the microbiological and biochemical changes during fermentation peanut (Arachis hypogaea) seed cake. microflora was dominated by a homo fermentative lactic acid bacterium (Streptococcus sp lactobacillus sp) initially, yeasts mould acetic bacteria were also present. accumulation acids led decline pH mixture from 5.7 3.6 on seventh day fermentation. ...

It is quite evident that microbial (bacteria or fungi) crude extracts contain several important bioactive compounds and some have already shown their therapeutic activity. Unfortunately, most of the compounds have not properly been evaluated for the exploration of new lead molecule. Moreover, some of the mechanisms of actions of few bioactive compounds have not been identified so far. Hence, ex...

changes in the microbial community in response to catastrophic oil spills in marine and fresh water environments have been well documented. molecular methods provide tools for analyzing the entire bacterial community, covering also those bacteria that have not been cultured in the laboratory. in this study, four different microcosms were set up containing sediments collected from the persian gu...

this experiment was conducted to consider the effects of maturity and cutting time on chemical composition and available protein content of alfalfa hay for dairy cows.. alfalfa hay harvested at two maturity stages (pre-bloom and early bloom) and two cutting times (morning and afternoon). available protein was predicted using nrc (2001) and dve/oeb (1994) models. in the nrc model (2001), alfalfa...