BACKGROUND The lipophilicity of propofol has required dispersion in a soybean macroemulsion. The authors hypothesized that the anesthetic properties of propofol are preserved when reformulated as a transparent microemulsion rather than as a turbid macroemulsion and that the dose-response relation can be selectively modified by altering the microemulsion's surfactant type and concentration. ME...

The available minoxidil formulations for topical application suffer with major drawback having less contact time with the scalp which requires repeated application. Hence, the present study was aimed to investigate the effect of microemulsions and microemulsion based hydrogel systems (MEHs) for increased percutaneous penetration of minoxidil. Minoxidil microemulsions were developed by following...

barrier to the permeation of most drugs, and especially as a hydrophobic barrier against hydrophilic drugs and ionized drugs. One possible means of facilitating the transdermal delivery of ionic drugs is through ion-pair formation. Oppositely charged ions can interact to form new species known as ion-pairs. This association reduces or neutralizes electrostatic charges and consequently reduces t...

AIMS The demonstration of the antibiofilm effects of pharmaceutical microemulsions. METHODS AND RESULTS Microemulsions were prepared as physically stable oil/water systems. Previous work by this group has shown that microemulsions are highly effective antimembrane agents that result in rapid losses of viability in planktonic populations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. In ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of microemulsions as a drug vehicle for transdermal delivery of citalopram. A computerized statistical technique of response surface methodology with mixture design was used to investigate and optimize the influence of the formulation compositions including a mixture of Brij 30/Brij 35 surfactants (at a ratio of 4:1, 20%-30%), isopropyl alcoho...

PURPOSE To characterize the physicochemical properties of drug-loaded oil-in-water (o/w) and water-in-oil (w/o) Brij 97-based microemulsions in comparison to their blank counterparts and to investigate the influence of microemulsion type on in vitro skin permeation of model hydrophobic drugs and their hydrophilic salts. METHODS The microemulsion systems were composed of isopropyl palmitate (I...

Microemulsions are fluid and isotropic formulations that have been widely studied as delivery systems for a variety of routes, including the skin. In spite of what the name suggests, microemulsions are nanocarriers, and their use as topical delivery systems derives from their multiple advantages compared to other dermatological formulations, such as ease of preparation, thermodynamic stability ...

Synthesis of nanoparticles in microemulsions is an area of considerable current interest. This subject can be broadly divided into two sections defined by the nature of the host microemulsion reaction medium. Water-in-oil microemulsions have been used to prepare nanoparticles for more than two decades, and a wide variety of materials has been synthesised by these methods. Control parameters hav...

We propose a mechanism for reentrant phase separation in globular microemulsions based on the combined effects of a shape transition and attractive interactions. Long cylindrical globules can phase separate at relatively low interglobular attractions. A transformation from elongated globules to compact spherical drops alters the balance between the entropy and effective interglobule interaction...

Nevertheless, the existence and application history of the microemulsions goes back to the very older times, but the oldest available reports in this field have been published by Schulman (Schulman & Hoar, 1943) and Winsor (Winsor, 1954). Their works are the starting point of efforts for the systematic understanding of the microemulsions. Meanwhile, the widespread generalization and application...