Continuous reductions in the dimensions of semiconductor devices have led to an increasing number of noise sources, including random telegraph signals (RTS) due to the capture and emission of electrons by traps at random positions between oxide and semiconductor. The models traditionally used for microscopic devices become of limited validity in nano- and mesoscale systems since, in such system...

The emission of light from whispering-gallery modes excited in microscopic spheres is examined. An evanescent wave is produced by total internal reflection of an optical beam at a planar glass-air interface. This evanescent wave is used to excite whispering-gallery modes in single microscopic spheres placed behind the glass-air interface. The intensity of light emitted into the air half-space f...

The method of renormalization group and its associated geometric language for describing macroscopic phenomenology is a powerful technique for studying physics problems with many degrees of freedom. The abstract problem solving strategy embodied by the method — solving a hard problem by transforming it to a sequence of similar but simpler problems — acquires new power in the context of sophisti...

We review recent developments in the rigorous derivation of hydrodynamic-type macroscopic equations from simple microscopic models: continuous time stochastic cellular automata. The deterministic evolution of hydrodynamic variables emerges as the "law of large numbe~s," which holds with probability one in the limit in which the ratio of the microscopic to the macroscopic spatial and temporal sc...

Starting from successful self-consistent mean-field models, this paper discusses why and how to go beyond the mean field approximation. To include long-range correlations from fluctuations in collective degrees of freedom, one has to consider symmetry restoration and configuration mixing, which give access to ground-state correlations and spectroscopy. PACS. 21.60.-n Nuclear structure models an...

Two-photon (2P) excitation of the second singlet (S₂) state was studied to achieve deep optical microscopic imaging in brain tissue when both the excitation (800 nm) and emission (685 nm) wavelengths lie in the "tissue optical window" (650 to 950 nm). S₂ state technique was used to investigate chlorophyll α (Chl α) fluorescence inside a spinach leaf under a thick layer of freshly sliced rat bra...

This paper revisits the classical model of ATM multiplexing. We exhibit an \exact" discrete-time model for the output queue of the switch, taking into account all peculiarities of the hardware functions, especially all synchronization-related features. The model however happens to present a complexity proportional to both the queue size and the number of inputs. A batch arrival model can be bui...