Members of the genus Gongylonema  are nematodes that commonly infect ruminants, particularly sheep and goats. An 11-year-old donkey mare was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, northeastern Iran, with a history of acute colitis. At post-mortem examination, there were several white to pink zigzag tracks in the muco...

BACKGROUND:Neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD), also known ascalf scours, is caused by viruses, bacteria, and parasites.Coronavirus is one of the important causes of NCD syndrome.Electron microcopy has been used for demonstration of virusesin fecal samples of diarrheic calves since 1969. OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence ofcoronavirus in fecal samples of neonatal calf di...

Hemorrhagic stroke among acute cerebral circulatory disorders is characterized by severe neurological complications and the need to choose between surgical intervention or therapeutic therapy. According World Health Organization (WHO)". Globally, deaths will reach 7.8 million 2030 unless an aggressive global response epidemic put in place" 1. Subarachnoid haemorrhage, which accounts for half of...

Examination of synovial fluid should be performed in a systematic manner so as to derive the maximum of information. Synovial fluids should be divided into (1) non-inflammatory, (2) inflammatory, (3) purulent and (4) hemorrhagic types. In addition to general description, analysis should include mucin clot test, fibrin clog formation, microscopic examination for cell count and differential cell ...