In barley, microarray technology has allowed to study the gene expression profiling associated with the stress pretreatment phase of microspore embryogenesis, where the reprogramming of microspores takes place. Transcriptome analysis of anthers before and after four days of mannitol pretreatment, revealed changes in the expression of 2,673 genes. A thorough study of these differentially express...

an efficient method for producing doubled haploid plants of date palm ( phoenix dactylifera l.) was established using in vitro colchicine treatment of anthers. to this study male inflorescences were harvested in the appropriate developmental stage. separated anthers after one day cold (4°c) pretreatment, in uninucleate stage of microspore were transferred to the modified y 3 medium containing d...

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) microspores at the time of mitosis are characterized by the abundant occurrence of 92and 98-kDa glycoproteins (GP92 and GP98). GP92 is a soluble protein while GP98 is bound to the insoluble microspore fraction. Both glycoproteins were isolated by affinity chromatography and SDS– PAGE and analysed by MS. Peptide sequences were determined by l-HPLC/nano-ESI–MS/MS (e...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Evolutionary transitions from heterostyly to dioecy have been proposed in several angiosperm families, particularly in Rubiaceae. These transitions involve the spread of male and female sterility mutations resulting in modifications to the gender of ancestral hermaphrodites. Despite sustained interest in the gender strategies of plants, the structural and developmental bases...

Calcium is widely known to have a role as a signaling molecule in many different processes, including stress response and activation of the embryogenic program. However, there are no direct clues about calcium levels during microspore embryogenesis, an experimental process that combines a developmental switch toward embryogenesis and the simultaneous application of different stressing factors. ...

In vegetative leaf tissues, cuticles including cuticular waxes are important for protection against nonstomatal water loss and pathogen infection as well as for adaptations to environmental stress. However, their roles in the anther wall are rarely studied. The innermost layer of the anther wall (the tapetum) is essential for generating male gametes. Here, we report the characterization of a T-...

Important phenomena related to rice, such as Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), self-incompatibility and sex determination, are involved in sexual reproduction. For rice, the development process of male gametophyte and pollen contains several stages, including pre-meiotic anther (PMA), meiosis (MEI), tetrad (TET), uninuclear (UN) microspore, bicellular (BC) pollen, tricellular (TC) pollen, MEI, ...

Through anther and microspore culture methods, complete homozygous plants can be produced within a year as compared to the long inbreeding method. Isolated microspore culture is one of the most important techniques for rapid development of haploid plants. The efficiency of this method is influenced by several factors such as cultural conditions, growth regulators, plant media, pretreatments, ph...

Microspore embryogenesis is a method of achieving complete homozygosity from plants. It is particularly useful for woody species, like Citrus, characterized by long juvenility, a high degree of heterozygosity and often self-incompatibility. Anther culture is currently the method of choice for microspore embryogenesis in many crops. However, isolated microspore culture is a better way to investi...

Sexual reproduction of plants starts with the formation of gametes and a 2-fold reduction in the number of chromosomes (ploidy) of these cells. Fertilization, the union of sperm and egg cell restores the ploidy level to its normal value again. During the formation of pollen grains, the structures that contain the male gametes, the reduction in the number of chromosomes happens when the vegetati...