To study human evolution [4], researchers sometimes use microstructures found in human teeth and their knowledge of the processes by which those structures grow. Human fetuses begin to develop teeth in utero. As teeth grow, they form a hard outer substance, called enamel, through a process called amelogenesis. During amelogenesis, incremental layers of enamel form in a Circadian rhythm. This rh...

This paper presents a method of particle manipulation by dielectrophoresis (DEP) and immobilization using photo‐crosslinkable resin inside microfluidic devices. High speed particle manipulation, including patterning and concentration control by DEP was demonstrated. Immovable and movable microstructures embedding particles were fabricated on‐ chip. Several microelec...

We test the notion that many microstructures have an underlying stationary probability distribution. The stationary probability distribution is ubiquitous: we know that different windows taken from a polycrystalline microstructure generally ‘look alike’. To enable computation of such a probability distribution, we represented microstructures in the form of undirected probabilistic graphs called...

A method for precise multi-spot parallel ultrafast laser material structuring is presented based on multi-beam interference generated by dynamic spatial phase engineering. A Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) and digitally programming of phase masks are used to accomplish the function of a multi-facet pyramid lens, so that the laser beam can be spatially modulated to create beam multiplexing and des...

In this paper, the enhancement of light extraction efficiency in III–nitride-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with an array of microstructures is demonstrated numerically and experimentally at the near-ultraviolet (n-UV) spectral region. Two different microstructures are adopted to study the mechanism, including the shallow etching of microstructures on the indium–tin-oxide (ITO) p-contact an...

The study and optimization of epoxy-based negative photoresist (SU-8) microstructures through a low-cost process and without the need for cleanroom facility is presented in this paper. It is demonstrated that the Ultraviolet Rays (UV) exposure equipment, commonly used in the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) industry, can replace the more expensive and less available equipment, as the Mask Aligner th...

We prepared urchin-like micron-sized ZnO cavities with high optical quality by oxidizing metallic Zn and proposed the mechanism that resulted in the growth of the urchin-like microstructures. The photoluminescence spectra of the ZnO microstructures had a predominant excitonic emission at room temperature. The lasing properties of the urchin-like ZnO microstructures were investigated systematica...

The objectives of this work are to study Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS TM ) produced materials and identify the microstructures. Numerical method was used to examine the influence of materials’ type and LENS TM process parameters on the forming of the specific microstructures from thermodynamics and fluid dynamics point of view. Samples of 316L stainless steel were examined, microstructure...

For engineering applications where tight dimensional tolerances are required, or for applications where materials are subjected to a wide range of temperatures it becomes desirable to reduce a material’s coefficient of thermal expansion. By carefully designing lattice microstructures, zero thermal expansion can be achieved. This work describes lattice microstructures that achieve zero expansion...

Soft lithography offers a convenient set of methods for the transfer of patterns to planar and nonplanar substrates. Microelectrodeposition can transform thin metal patterns into self-supporting microstructures, weld components together, and strengthen microstructures after deformations. Together, soft lithography and electrochemistry provide synergistic technologies and the basis for a strateg...