The recent spectroscopy of water vapour in the ground electronic state is reviewed. Experimental advances from the microwave to the near ultraviolet spectral regions are surveyed. On the theoretical front, new approaches to the calculation of vibration–rotation energy levels are covered. Water spectroscopy finds extensive application in astronomy, atmospheric science and combustion research. An...

Microwave treatment can reduce the time of selected syntheses, for instance of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), from several hours to a few minutes. We propose a microfluidic structure for enhancing the rate of chemical reactions using microwave energy. This reactor is designed to control microwave energy with much higher accuracy than in standard devices. Thanks to this, the influence of microwave ...

The microwave processing of wood is a widely used as high intensity microwave treatment creates changes in wood structure, which might significantly contribute to the development needs of timber industry, by accelerating wood drying time, relieving of growth stresses, facilitating preservative impregnation and enabling the production of solid wood products. Microwave wood modification requires ...

Many minerals are effective absorbers of microwave energy, whereas in general gangue materials are not. This suggests applying microwave heating to mineral processing to effect selective heating of minerai phases. Many mineral processing applications have been tested only on a laboratory scale; the engineering realities of large-scale operations have largely been overlooked. Of particular conce...

In this note we investigate the effects of perturbations in a dark energy component with a constant equation of state on large scale cosmic microwave background anisotropies. The inclusion of perturbations increases the large scale power. We investigate more speculative dark energy models with w < −1 and find the opposite behaviour. Overall the inclusion of perturbations in the dark energy comp...

A solid-state microwave generators system is considered as an alternative to the magnetron, in order to inject electromagnetic energy into the cavity of a microwave oven for domestic use. Over current devices, the use of solid state technology allows to control the frequency and phase of the electromagnetic field generated. Considering a simplified cavity with 2 solid state sources, the influen...

PURPOSE We evaluated the impact of lower energy transurethral microwave thermotherapy on quality of life and quality of sexual function in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 50 patients with BPH were randomized to receive either lower energy transurethral microwave thermotherapy treatment (Prostasoft 2.0) or placebo treatment and followed for 26...

in this study, parsley was dried using three drying methods: hot air (50, 60 ‎and 70 ºc), microwave (90, 180, 360, 600 and 900 w) and a combination of ‎hot air – microwave (60ºc and 360w). selection of the optimum levels for ‎drying in combination method took place with quality tests of dried ‎samples. the drying data of parsley with hot air and microwave methods ‎was fitted with eight models: ...

A quasi-analytic model has been developed to examine energy conversion during the microwave sintering of a ceramic that is surrounded by a susceptor. Low-loss ceramics, such as ZrO2, couple poorly with microwave radiation at low temperatures; however, because the dielectric loss usually increases rapidly as temperature increases, coupling improves dramatically at high temperatures. To improve h...

Thin films find a variety of technological applications. Assembling thin films from atoms in the liquid phase is intrinsically a non-equilibrium phenomenon, controlled by the competition between thermodynamics and kinetics. We demonstrate here that microwave energy can assist in assembling atoms into thin films directly on a substrate at significantly lower temperatures than conventional proces...