In history writing, we need to have words, whether technical or not, denote economic tendencies, changes in institutions, exchanged objects, social practices. These words may remain the same, but behind their stability, they designate specific historical configurations. this concluding note, I reflect on possible meaning of currently use describe and histories Africa long era stretching from 30...

The aim of the book is to demonstrate importance grave orientation for archaeology Medieval death and burial. In doing this, two key points are emphasized. First, was an important, in some cases most conduit symbolic meaning burials Middle Ages. Second, archaeologist reconstruct this meaning, analysis must be conducted with methodological rigour, inferences take broader context into account. To...

The history of Arabian medicine can only be studied satisfactorily in conjunction with the general history of Islam, which began to assume political importance in AD 622. In that year, the prophet Mohammed united the warring tribes of Arabia through a common religious and social ideal. This vision enabled the Arabs to conquer half of the known world and to build an empire destined to replace th...

The historical period called the Middle Ages, a long interval between the 5th and the 15th centuries, is still commonly known as the Dark Ages, especially in the area of health sciences. In the last decades, this "classic" view of the Middle Ages has been gradually modified with advances in historiographical studies and the history of science. During that period in Western Europe, knowledge abo...