th century, Hans Delbrück described war in terms of annihilation and exhaustion.1 A century later, after the advent of airplanes, access to space, computers, nuclear weapons, computers, and the information revolution, strategists introduced a new paradigm, effects-based operations. This concept suggests a new national objective: control of an enemy. Control is a contemporary, efficient, and hum...

Abstract It is often assumed that in developing countries there a substantial link between the local governments and community participation. However, what hardly ever highlighted happens when an authoritarian government uses decentralisation reforms to strengthen its power, interfering with not only public development but also international community. On account, this study argues if regime fo...

This is a new, revised and enlarged edition of Major Caldwell's well-known book on Military Hygiene. It gives a good account of those principles of sanitation which most nearly affect the soldier in his eveiy-day life, whether at home, abroad or in the field. Though primarily written for medical officers of his own Corps it is also hoped that it will be useful to officers of other branches of t...

This paper examines how authoritarian legislative institutions affect regime survival. I argue that authoritarian legislatures and party systems, even when devised to quell threats from authoritarian rivals, can influence the distribution of power in a subsequent democracy. When legislative institutions and party systems help protect the interests of authoritarian elites in new democracies, the...

Pakistan has been ruled by military regimes for almost half of its history. Since the first coup in 1958, experimented with a variety political strategies and models civil-military relations, including purely rule various forms hybrid regimes. The military's attitude toward Islam also evolved over time. 1947, recognized role religion as basis national identity sought to integrate it into offici...

INTRODUCTION 5 billion people around the world do not have access to safe, affordable, timely surgical care. This series of qualitative interviews was launched by The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery (LCoGS) with the aim of understanding the contextual challenges-the specific circumstances-faced by surgical care providers in low-resource settings who care for impoverished patients, and how t...

The goal of my thesis is to analyze the military in a game theoretical framework as an independent interest group. The military is a fundamental institution of the state because it maintains internal law and order, and protects the state from external threats. But, it also has its own interests, which sometimes motivate it to intervene in political processes. Pakistan is a classical example of ...

Background Lack of timely and quality emergency obstetric care (EmOC) has contributed significantly to maternal morbidity and mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Since 2009, the global guideline, referred to as the 'handbook', has been used to monitor availability, utilization, and quality of EmOC. Objective To assess application and explore experiences of resea...