The international literature links mining booms with social disruption. rapid economic and population growth that brings increases urban crime problems. But insufficient attention has been paid to the reverse situation: disruption can accompany closure of a mine. We compare statistics for four categories small city, known in South Africa as “intermediate city municipalities,” from 2009 2018. Co...

Mining companies are responsible for the impacts that result from their mining activities even after period has ended. At same time, at European and international levels, there is a lack of detailed operational methodology comprising environmental risks during closure underground coal mines. The risk aspects need to be considered when planning an mine post in broader context following: modifica...

Description Logics (DLs) are formalisms for tax-onomic reasoning about structured knowledge. Adding the transitive closure of roles to DLs also enables them to represent and reason about actions and plans. The present paper explores several essentially diierent encodings of planning in Description Logics. We argue that DLs represent an ideal framework for analysing and comparing these approache...

Widespread closure of deep coal mines in industrialised countries in recent decades has resulted in increased pollution of watercourses by acidic, metal-rich mine drainage following flooding of abandoned mine workings. Schemes for remediation of such polluted mine drainage encourage the precipitation of iron, normally in settlement ponds or constructed wetlands, thereby generating large quantit...

recommendations (3). In the early periods of an outbreak, when infection is not widespread, a “proactive school closure plan” will be put into effect; school closure for 5–7 days will be implemented as soon as the fi rst infection is detected in a school. If the outbreak is already spreading through the community, “reactive school closure” is considered suffi cient. This closure has been perfor...

statement of problem: a recent technique (mbt) has been introduced for easy and efficient orthodontic treatment by means of straight wire fixed appliances. although this technique has many advantages, in space closure stage causes up righting problem in upper incisors, which should be adjusted by applying additional torque in anterior region. purpose: the purpose of this clinical trial was to d...