the mines are an important section of national heritage and public domain. in legal aspect there are several theories about the mines such as; ownership; public domain and non-proper tier things. some of the islamic jurists believe mines are anfal and others say they are non-proper tier things. although the prohibition or restriction in exploitation of mine is useful because of fairly distribut...

BACKGROUND In a community in northern Chile, explosive procedures are used by two local industrial mines (gold, copper). We hypothesized that the prevalence of asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis in the community may be associated with air pollution emissions generated by the mines. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 288 children (aged 6-15 years) was conducted in a community in northern Chile usi...

ational statistics on coal-mining productivity show that—except during the 1970s—coal mines have become steadily more efficient. More coal is removed per hour of work, causing a drop in both mining costs and coal prices. However, a new Energy Laboratory study suggests that those national statistics do not tell the whole story. When the researchers analyzed productivity data for more than ninete...

Navigation canals are used for transport purposes. In order to allow safe navigation the water level should be kept in a certain range around the Normal Navigation Level (NNL). The water level is disturbed by known and unknown inputs, like tributaries, municipal water flows, rain, etc. Some of these inputs can be used to control the water level. If the geometry requires it, canal reaches are co...

In the early 1980’s, the world steel market collapsed. Since the almost exclusive use of ironore is in steel production, many iron-ore mines had to be shut down. We divide the major iron-ore producing countries into groups based on the threat of closure faced by iron-ore mines in the respective country. In countries where mines faced no threat of closure, the iron-ore industry had little or no ...

The origin of this report lies in the very interesting discussions with Chal-lamel of the CGES at Ecole des Mines de Paris and with Hugues Mounier of Ecole des Mines de Nantes.

We show that the Minesweeper game is PP-hard, when the object is to locate all mines with the highest probability. When the probability of locating all mines may be infinitesimal, the Minesweeper game is even PSPACE-complete. In our construction, the player can reveal a boolean circuit in polynomial time, after guessing an initial square with no surrounding mines, a guess that has 99 percent pr...

background and purpose: multiple sclerosis (ms) is a disease determined by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. metals are suspected of being involved in ms. there is not any epidemiologic study about mines and ms. the purpose of this study was to determine ms prevalence according to mines in kerman province. methods: this cross-sectional study was conducted on 932 patients in ...

Concentrations of total Hg, Hg (II), and methylmercury were measured in stream-sediment, stream-water, and fish collected downstream from abandoned mercury mines in southwestern Alaska to evaluate environmental effects to surrounding ecosystems. These mines are found in a broad belt covering several tens of thousands of square kilometers, primarily in the Kuskokwim River basin. Mercury ore is d...