Copper electrodeposition in high-aspect-ratio through-holes micromachined by deep reactive ion etching is one of the most essential processes for fabricating through-wafer interconnects, which will be used in developing future generation high-speed, compact 3D microelectronic devices. Although copper electrodeposition is a well-established process, completely void-free electroplating in very de...

This laboratory investigation has been conducted to elucidate how the fi nes fraction affects the undrained residual shear strength and liquefaction potential of sand-silt mixtures (Algeria). A series of monotonic and cyclic undrained triaxial tests were carried out on undrained, reconstituted, saturated samples of sand with varying fi nes content ranging from 0 to 50%. These were undertaken in...

Abstract The soil response in triaxial compression tests, that are commonly treated as element is known to be inhomogeneous. Several studies have revealed the localisation of deformation throughout whole specimen by digital image correlation techniques on X-ray tomographies. fabric a has so far only been studied complete specimens bulk measurement or chosen subsets. In this contribution, we pre...

Clogging constitutes a major operational issue for treatment wetlands. The rest period is key feature of French Vertical Flow (VF) wetlands and serves to mitigate clogging. An ex-situ drying experiment was performed mimic the record structural changes in porous media using X-ray Computed Tomography (CT). Samples containing deposit gravel layers first stage VF wetland were extracted left dry con...

Abstract We investigate rate-independent strain paths in a granular material generated by periodically oscillating stress cycles using particular constitutive model within the hypoplasticity theory of Kolymbas type. It is assumed that irreversible hypoplastic effects decay to zero when void ratio reaches its theoretical minimum, while turn related evolution volumetric through mass conservation ...

Using aMarx-oscillator standing-wave resonancemethod, we measuredthe internal friction &' of sintered titanium containing up to 26 volume-percent voids (c). The surprising &I-versus-c curve shape, an exponential increase, lead us to remeasure &I-versus-c by acoustic-resonance spectroscopy, which gave similar results. We hypothesized that both void shape and void size change with c. For the void...

Permeability is a very important engineering property of soils and finds utility in a number of soil engineering problems such as yield of wells and seepage through and below the earth structures. It controls the hydraulic stability of soil masses. The permeability of soils is also required in the design of filters required to prevent piping in hydraulic structures. However, the determination o...