the missing of any tooth is due to undeveloped dental lamina that possible is caused by genetic factors such as ectodermal dysplasia,local infection and systemic diseases.in some cases,the lack of teeth is so wide that causes undevelopment in all premanent teeth which is known as comlete anodontia.the lack of lateral incisors causes speech defect,difficulty in breathing,spacing in other teeth,d...

Congenitally missing of maxillary lateral incisors is one of the most common patterns of hypodontia. This paper presents a nine year old boy with congenital missing of lateral incisors. Familial history showed that, his mother, aunts, uncle and grandmother have also congenital absence of lateral incisors.

careful treatment planning, space management, augmentation of bone and attention to the details of implant surgical and prosthetic techniques are important factors when treating anterior maxilla specially replacement of missing teeth. this case report addresses a chair-side ridge augmentation procedure using autograft bone harvested with trephine drills and placed without using screws and the f...

a new design for replacing a missing anterior tooth is described. in this article, a lingually fixed partial denture, its advantages, disadvantages, indication and contraindications have been explained. the ability of this design to replace a single missing central or lateral incisor is discussed.

a model for missing data in mixed binary and continuous responses, which can be used on cross-sectional data, is presented. in this model response indicator for the binary response can be dependent on the continuous response. a closed form for the likelihood is found. for data with a complicated pattern of missing responses some new residuals are also proposed. the model of multiplicative heter...