Climate change mitigation strategies, including efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, are not specifically designed to improve human health but could potentially do so anyway. A review in this issue of EHP critically examines different models for estimating these so-called co-benefits and highlights improvements that could help assess which mitigation strategies are the most promising for...

Context: In this article we considered knowledge transfer (KT) in global software development (GSD) from two perspectives, state-of-the-art and state-of-the-practice, in order to identify what are the challenges that hamper the success of KT in global software teams, as well as to find out what are the mitigation strategies that can be used to overcome such challenges. Objectives: The overall a...

The scientific understanding of fear and anxiety-in both normal and pathological forms-is presently limited by a predominance of studies that use male animals and Pavlovian fear conditioning-centered paradigms that restrict and assess specific behaviors (e.g., freezing) over brief sampling periods and overlook the broader contributions of the spatiotemporal context to an animal's behavioral res...

OBJECTIVE Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have multiple established adverse effects on various organ systems. Among those associated with high mortality are gastrointestinal complications. We address the scope of the problem and the scientific basis for risk mitigation. DESIGN This review covers the most successful of such strategies published to date. RESULTS Mitigation strat...

There is no strong reason to believe human level intelligence represents an upper limit of the capacity of artificial intelligence, should it be realized. This poses serious safety issues, since a superintelligent system would have great power to direct the future according to its possibly flawed goals or motivation systems. Oracle AIs (OAI), confined AIs that can only answer questions, are one...

Central to almost any characterization or mitigation mission to a small solar system body, such as an asteroid or comet, is a phase of close proximity operations on or about about that body for some length of time. This is an extremely challenging environment in which to operate a spacecraft, surface vehicle, or human mission. Reasons for this include the a priori uncertainty of the physical ch...

Studies were conducted to assess driver acceptance of and trust in distraction mitigation strategies. Previous studies have shown that in-vehicle tasks undermine driver safety, and that there is a need for strategies to reduce the effects of in-vehicle distractions. Trust and acceptance of such strategies strongly influence their effectiveness. Different strategies intended to reduce distractio...

Limited workspace is a challenge for all motion-based simulators, whether they are large excursion systems, like the NADS, or smaller simulators utilizing only Stewart Platforms. Two approaches for addressing this challenge are nonlinear washout scaling and software displacement limiting. This paper presents new algorithms developed for these approaches. The nonlinear scaling method makes use o...