background: recently, much attention has been directed towards considering activated microgelial cells  as putative  targets for treatment of neurological disorders. migriheal®  as a novel herbal remedy was introduced   for  the treatment of  migraine headaches.  the previous researches has shown that migriheal® extracts can decrease no in  an in vitro inflammatory model. the aim of this study ...

background: transplants of multipotent stem cells have been shown to have a neuroprotective effect after central nervous system injury. the bulge region of the hair follicle has been reported as a putative source of hair follicle stem cells (hfsc) for many years; however, few studies have documented the properties of bulge derived cells in vitro until now. this study was conducted to isolate an...

The enteric nervous system (ENS) is composed of neural crest-derived neurons (also known as ganglion cells) the cell bodies of which are located in the submucosal and myenteric plexuses of the intestinal wall. Intramucosal ganglion cells are known to exist but are rare and often considered ectopic. Also derived from the neural crest are enteric glial cells that populate the ganglia and the asso...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Krabbe disease is a neuro-inflammatory disorder in which galactosyl sphingosine (psychosine) accumulates in nervous tissues. Despite some leads in elucidating the mechanism of psychosine action on different cells of brain, there still remain gaps in the knowledge and mechanisms behind events in the pathogenic cascade of Krabbe disease. Inflammation in the brain in Krab...

We have previously shown that enriched preparations of oligodendrocytes from either mature bovine brain or 30-d-old rat brain, when cultured in serum-free medium, yield mixed cultures of oligodendrocytes and astrocytes even though no GFAP+ cells were present after 24 hr in culture (Norton et al., 1986, 1988). To test the possibility that the astrocytes in these cultures arose from glial precurs...

background: the present study was designed to evaluate the secondary microglial activation processes after spinal cord injury (sci). methods: a quantitative histological study was performed to determine ed-1 positive cells, glial cell density, and cavitation size in untreated sci rats at days 1, 2, and 4, and weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4. results: the results of glial cell quantification along the 4900...

Introduction: Sialic acid plays pivotal roles in various critical physiological events at molecular and cellular levels and also pathological processes. Changes in sialic acid concentration are observed in many pathological processes; for example, there are some available data on the evaluated level of sialic acid and neurodegenerative prevalence. It can be proposed that sialic acid can play a ...