Static mixers, devices used for mixing immiscible liquids in a compact configuration, were found to be effective in carrying out initial transesterification reactions of canola oil and methanol. The objective of this study was to explore the possibilities of using static mixers as a continuous-flow reactor for biodiesel production. Biodiesel (canola methyl ester) was produced under varying cond...

The ALMA Band 6 (211-275 GHz) receivers use sideband-separating SIS mixer-preamplifiers with dual 4-12 GHz IF outputs. The sideband-separating mixers are of the phasing type, with the LO driving two component mixers in-phase and the RF signal connected to the mixers through a quadrature hybrid. The IF outputs of the mixers are amplified, then combined in a quadrature hybrid which separates the ...

We have developed a low-noise 850 GHz superconductor–insulator–superconductor quasiparticle mixer with NbTiN thin-film microstrip tuning circuits and hybrid Nb/AlN/NbTiN tunnel junctions. The mixer uses a quasioptical configuration with a planar twin-slot antenna feeding a two-junction tuning circuit. At 798 GHz, we measured an uncorrected double-sideband receiver noise temperature of TRX5260 K...

In ALMA Memo 321, Plambeck points out that saturation (gain compression) is likely to be a significant factor limiting the calibration accuracy of ALMA observations. In this memo, saturation by broadband noise and CW signals is analyzed for representative SIS receivers operating at different frequencies. Many SIS mixers in current use are expected to exhibit a significant degree of gain compres...

With the increasing need for molecular reactions with small liquid volume in biomedical and chemical analyses, miniature mixers have captured considerable attention. Due to the nature of laminar flow in a millimeter-size and blow flow channel, mixing, or the molecular mass transfer in miniature mixers is usually dominated by molecular diffusion. The long diffusion time and mixing distance make ...

Most static mixers are designed to maximize radial mixing to achieve compositional and thermal homogeneity. Flow inverters maximize heat transfer. Axial mixers that closely approximate an exponential distribution of residence times have been devised as well. More recent papers describe static mixers for surge dampening in industrial swing-cycle processes (Smith, Graham, and Palamara, 2006). An ...