The circuit analysis of an electric analog of the systemic circulation, the focus of a classic paper by Guyton, Lindsey, and Kaufmann, provides a framework for understanding the factors that impact venous return and for appreciating the value of modeling physiological systems. The classic 1955 paper by Guyton, Lindsey, and Kaufmann gives your students an opportunity to learn about modeling from...

This essay provides an introduction to the terminology, concepts, methods, and challenges of image-based modeling in biology. Image-based modeling and simulation aims at using systematic, quantitative image data to build predictive models of biological systems that can be simulated with a computer. This allows one to disentangle molecular mechanisms from effects of shape and geometry. Questions...

The procedure for the grading of students’ essays in subject-based examinations is quite challenging particularly when dealing with large number of students. Hence, several automatic essay-grading systems have been designed to alleviate the demands of manual subject grading. However, relatively few of the existing systems are able to give informative feedbacks that are based on elaborate domain...

Automatic essay scoring is nowadays successfully used even in high-stakes tests, but this is mainly limited to holistic scoring of learner essays. We present a new dataset of essays written by highly proficient German native speakers that is scored using a fine-grained rubric with the goal to provide detailed feedback. Our experiments with two state-of-the-art scoring systems (a neural and a SV...

The Graduate Management Admission Council® (GMAC®) has long benefited from advances in automated essay scoring. When GMAC® adopted ETS® e-rater® in 1999, the Council’s flagship product, the Graduate Management Admission Test® (GMAT®), became the first large-scale assessment to incorporate automated essay scoring. The change was controversial at the time (Iowa State Daily, 1999; Calfee, 2000). T...

We have developed an automated Japanese essay scoring system called Jess. The system needs expert writings rather than expert raters to build the evaluation model. By detecting statistical outliers of predetermined aimed essay features compared with many professional writings for each prompt, our system can evaluate essays. The following three features are examined: (1) rhetoric — syntactic var...

This paper describes an automated scorer for assessing students’ Creative Problem-Solving (CPS) abilities via modeling the intra-structure of students’ essays describing their thoughts on solving particular problems. The automated scorer aims to grade students’ open-ended responses to an essay-question-type CPS ability test, instead of using typical Likert-type or multiple-choice questions that...

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Based on the background of Gutian country-level green-way planning project, this essay carries out suitability evaluation and empirical study of green-way network selection based on GIS.The main study contents include: According to the green-way network selection principles and analysis of basic construction conditions,taking overlay analysis of GIS quantitative suitability , and putting forwar...

In EFL programs, rating scales used in writing assessment are often constructed by intuition. Intuition-based scales tend to provide inaccurate and divisive ratings of learners’ writing performance. Hence, following an empirical approach, this study attempted to develop a rating scale for elementary-level writing at an EFL program in Saudi Arabia. Towards this goal, 98 students’ essays were sco...