Literature, in addition to its aesthetic and artistic aspects, has always been a reflection of social and cultural realities and characteristics of its respective era and society. Sociological criticism is a relatively modern method in literary criticism. The method studies the structure and content of literary works and their relation to the structures and evolutions of the societies where the...

The novel as a modern literary genre is generally regarded as the realization of its main character's journey from immaturity to a status of maturity. The character, usually an uncomplicated person unable to cope with the complexities of life at first, gains an insight and understanding to handle his/her complex situation accordingly later in the novel. It is usually agreed in both literary cri...

in islamic civilization, rhetoric is the product of a great attempt to find out the secrets of quranic language; nevertheless, the achievements of such studies have been mechanically applied to persian which, compared to arabic, has a different linguistic system and literary conventions. this approach has brought about problems in defining literary terms, internal rhythm being one of them. this...

I analyze here Benacerraf’s criticism of Thomson arguments on the impossibility of ω-supertasks. Although Benacerraf’s criticism is well founded, his analysis of Thomson’s lamp is incomplete. In fact, it is possible to consider a new line of argument, which Benacerraf only incidentally considered, based on the functioning laws of the lamp. This argument leads to a contradictory result that comp...

it was after the invitation of the safavid kings from a lot of shiitte clergymen of the scholary in jebel amel, lebanon to come to iran in order to support the imamyyah religion and strengthening its foundations, that the arabic language was revived in iran. these immigrant clergymen and their fellows had the most roles in this subject. tabib isfahani, one of the famous poets and scholars of af...

that directs and is the cause of everything.” [1] With moments to expire before Athens would execute him, Plato’s Socrates was exploring the meaning of a few lines by another philosopher. To the last minute of Socrates’ dramatic life, Plato has him making important criticism on vital literary texts. Textual criticism is found throughout Plato’s works, making it his main philosophical methodolog...

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