C RE D IT :M A RC O U LI A N A T he honey bee society was famously described as “The Feminine Monarchy” by the cleric Charles Butler in 1634. Honey bees and their relatives—including all hymenopteran societies—qualify for this label because their colonies are headed by one or a small number of fertile queens. These queens produce a large number of sterile or nearly sterile daughter workers and,...

On the verge of the Constitutionalist Revolution in Iran, the three social forces existing in the socio-political arena were competing with each other and at the same time, struggling with the Monarchy to increase their share of power: independent intellectuals, traditional followers of religion, and merchants. This rivalry set the scene for a discursive battle in which, each social force was t...

doctor, or eminent, if he were one." "When the Times takes to writing nou3ense of this kind, its staff must indeed be deficient in matter to fill up their columns with; for it stands to reason that if the objection above raised be valid in the case of doctors, it, is equally so in the instance of lawyers, military men, and, in fact, in an hereditary monarchy ; in elevating a diplomatist or lawy...

In 1767 the foundation of Nuevas Poblaciones begins, a project Spanish monarchy that transformed several depopulated areas Sierra Morena and lower Andalusia into agricultural colonies under protection charter known as Fuero de las Poblaciones. The was based on foreigners Spaniards, proposing different social economic organization than rest Hispanic Monarchy until 1835. study colonists Navas Tol...

In October 1918, the Republic of (German‐)Austria came into life following dissolution Habsburg Monarchy as a decentralized unitary state, consisting provinces called Länder. connection with subsequent decisions Provisional National Assembly, same situation in Austrian monarchy arose regard to distribution competences between state and Länder − one major modification regarding allocation ...

The problem of ethnic Germans dispersed among other peoples (the Hungarians, Romanians, Serbs, Slovaks, and Czechs) on the territories different historical regions Austro-Hungary, was one many national questions in “patchwork” monarchy Habsburgs. Divided separated communes, which had been established at times levels solidarity self-consciousness, they faced a variety contradictions. They were b...