We participated in the monolingual Chinese, English-Chinese cross language and multilingual retrieval tasks using our PIRCS retrieval system. For monolingual, bigram and short-word indexing (both with single characters) were employed for representation. Two separate retrieval lists were obtained and later combined as final result for some submissions. For cross-lingual and multilingual retrieva...

This paper deals with the treatment of word etymology in monolingual and bilingual dictionaries. It also investigates EFL learners' attitudes towards the importance of etymology for understanding the meaning of the words they look up in dictionaries. The data were collected through tasks of looking up Arabic loan words in English in monolingual and bilingual dictionaries. The results indicate t...

This paper reports on the work of Berkeley group at the second NTCIR workshop on Japanese & English IR and Chinese IR. A number of runs were submitted on all subtasks in the two main tasks. Our main focus on the Japanese monolingual subtask was on comparing the retrieval effectiveness of different segmentation methods. The experimental results show the bigram indexing outperformed the word-base...

The rst stages of the development of the ASF+SDF system are discussed. 1 Monolingual beginning Our work on programming environments started in 1980 with the design of a dedicated environment for the Summer programming language 1], an object-oriented language with class deenitions. Rather than a dedicated Summer environment, the general concept of a monolingual environment emerged 2]. In such an...

Monolingual evaluation of Machine Translation (MT) aims to simplify human assessment by requiring assessors to compare the meaning of the MT output with a reference translation, opening up the task to a much larger pool of genuinely qualified evaluators. Monolingual evaluation runs the risk, however, of bias in favour of MT systems that happen to produce translations superficially similar to th...

While end-to-end neural machine translation (NMT) has made remarkable progress recently, NMT systems only rely on parallel corpora for parameter estimation. Since parallel corpora are usually limited in quantity, quality, and coverage, especially for low-resource languages, it is appealing to exploit monolingual corpora to improve NMT. We propose a semisupervised approach for training NMT model...