abstract anti-nociceptive activity of aerial parts of phytolacca americana were investigated, using the hot plate method in mice. results of the present study showed that the aqueous methanolic extract of aerial parts of p. americana produced a statistically significant increase in pain threshold after 30 min, in comparison with the control, at adose of 190 mg kg-1 (p<0.001). the activity was c...

A thorough understanding of the anatomy and neurophysiology of the pain response is necessary for the effective treatment of perioperative pain. This article describes the mechanisms that produce pain,including those related to inflammation. Other topics include the pharmacologies of nonopioid and opioid analgesics. Nonopioid analgesics can be separated into two categories: nonsteroidal anti-in...

1. The effect of methamphetamine on morphine-dependent mice was investigated by calculating the LD50 (i.p.), measuring motor activity, anorectic actions, and body temperature. 2. Methamphetamine was more toxic in morphine-dependent mice (LD50 = 20.6 mg/kg) than in normal mice (LD50 = 43.2 mg/kg). 3. Methamphetamine-induced locomotor activity was greater in morphinized than in nonmorphinized mic...

The purpose of this study was to determine whether morphine would be as effective as bupivacaine for postoperative pain control after knee arthroscopy with no worsening of the side effect profile. Eighty-two patients who underwent partial meniscectomy, chondral debridement, or both were prospectively randomized to receive 10 mg of morphine (10-cc volume) or 10 cc of .5% bupivacaine immediately ...

1 Cook TM, Counsell D, Wildsmith JAW. Major complications of central neuraxial block: report on the Third National Audit Project of the Royal College of Anaesthetists. Br J Anaesth 2009; 102: 179–90 2 Gehling M, Tryba M. Risks and side-effects of intrathecal morphine combined with spinal anaesthesia: a meta-analysis. Anaesthesia 2009; 64: 643–51 3 Neal JM, Bernards CM, Wedel DJ. ASRA practice a...

INTRAVENOUS ACETAMINOPHEN (PARACETAMOL) IS SUGgested for use as an opioid-sparing analgesic for children requiring surgery or emergency care, despite limited data on its efficacy and toxicity in infants and children. In this issue of JAMA, the randomized trial by Ceelie and colleagues addresses this evidence gap by showing clinically significant reductions in morphine use among neonates or infa...

Immunotherapy with short term infusion (STI) of monoclonal anti-GD2 antibody (mAb) ch14.18 (4 × 25 mg/m2/d; 8-20 h) in combination with cytokines and 13-cis retinoic acid (RA) prolonged survival in high-risk neuroblastoma (NB) patients. Here, we investigated long-term infusion (LTI) of ch14.18 produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells (ch14.18/CHO; 10 × 10 mg/m2; 24 h) in combination with subcuta...

I. The Biological Liberation of Morphine from Codeine in the Rat. T. K. Adler and F. H. Shaw 1 II. The Effect of Prolonged Morphine Administration on the In Vivo and In Vitro Conjugation of Morphine by Rats. Howard L. Zauder 11 III. Adenine Intoxication in Relation to In Vivo Formation and Deposition of 2,8-Dioxyadenine in Renal Tubules. Frederick S. Philips, John B. Thiersch and Aaron Bendich ...

PURPOSE Heroin has a half-life of 2-6 min and is metabolized too quickly to be detected in autopsy samples. The presence of 6-acetylmophine (6-AM) in urine, blood, or other samples is convincing evidence of heroin use by a decedent, but 6-AM itself has a half-life of 6-25 min before it is hydrolyzed to morphine, so 6-AM may not be present in sufficient concentration to detect in postmortem samp...

The aim of the present study was to assess the toxic potential of drugs of abuse and other neuropharmacological agents in the pathogenesis of AIDS dementia complex (ADC), the neurological complication of AIDS. Neuroblastoma and glioblastoma cell lines expressing the dopamine transporter, as well as primary macrophages exposed to human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), were used to investigate t...