OGY,” the Technical Advisory Service for Attorneys (TASA) Web site lists more than 9,500 categories of experts. Large accounting firms and other forensic firms perform litigation support services. And the Martindale-Hubbell directory contains more than 4,000 experts, services, suppliers, and consultants. In just a few decades, expert witnesses in litigation have gone from a rarity to the common...

Entanglement witnesses provide a standard tool for the analysis of entanglement in experiments. We investigate possible nonlinear entanglement witnesses from several perspectives. First, we demonstrate that they can be used to show that the set of separable states has no facets. Second, we give a new derivation of nonlinear witnesses based on covariance matrices. Finally, we investigate extensi...

OBJECTIVES To establish the prevalence and distribution of witnesses, victims, and perpetrators of different types of violence in the general population and the proportion of victims consulting health services or reporting the incident to authorities. METHODS Cross sectional survey of a random sample of 3007 inhabitants between the ages of 15 and 60 in the city of Bogotá, Colombia, in 1997, b...

Jehovah's Witnesses are students of the Bible. They refuse transfusions out of obedience to the scriptural directive to abstain and keep from blood. Dr Muramoto disagrees with the Witnesses' religious beliefs in this regard. Despite this basic disagreement over the meaning of Biblical texts, Muramoto flouts the religious basis for the Witnesses' position. His proposed policy change about accept...

This Note examines police determination of probable cause based on witness credibility. It first sets out the probable cause standard and details the relevant probable cause case law and the policy considerations behind the Fourth Amendment. Next, it examines different types of witnesses the police encounter and analyzes whether the status of the witness implies more or less credibility. Finall...

This paper presents a novel technique for counterexample generation in probabilistic model checking of Markov chains and Markov Decision Processes. (Finite) paths in counterexamples are grouped together in witnesses that are likely to provide similar debugging information to the user. We list five properties that witnesses should satisfy in order to be useful as debugging aid: similarity, accur...

Dear Mr. Shaw—I received your letter on last Tuesday. I think I will get hung, but I do not care as long as I get a good breakfast before they hang me. If they do not hang me I think I will commit suicide. That will do just as well. I will strangle myself. I hope you are well. I go up on Monday to the Old Bailey to be tried, I hope you will be there. I think they will sentence me to die. If the...

and Concrete Local Witnesses. Witnesses for abstract local variables tM are used in the guard strengthening proof obligation. Witnesses for concrete local variables tN are used in the guard equivalence proof obligation of external events (REF GRD EXT). Derived Witnesses. The user interface could suggest certain invariants and theorems to be global witnesses if they are equations of the form u =...

Many witnesses to violent crimes are alcohol intoxicated, but research is lacking regarding how alcohol affects their perception of aggression and guilt. This study investigated to what extent alcohol intoxicated eyewitnesses differed from sober witnesses regarding how aggressive and guilty they perceived the involved parts in an intimate partner violence (IPV) situation. Eighty-seven healthy m...

Witnesses to crimes sometimes perform cognitively demanding tasks while simultaneously observing a perpetrator. This division of attentional resources can cause witnesses to remember the perpetrator less accurately. We hypothesised that judging the veracity of a target individual can impair subsequent memory for his or her appearance and message. In Experiment 1, we demonstrated that the veraci...