Mountains provide as much as 90-100% of the freshwater to surrounding basins in arid and semiarid regions because of their distinctive and complex topography, and the consequent effects on precipitation (P) and evapotranspiration (ET). One of the primary objectives of this dissertation is to estimate mountain-block recharge (MBR), an important component of the mountain contribution to groundwat...

Abstract The goal to limit the increase in global temperature below 2 °C requires reaching a balance between anthropogenic emissions and reductions (sinks) second half of this century. As carbon sinks, forests can potentially play an important role capture. Paris Agreement (2015) signatory countries reduce deforestation, while conserving enhancing sinks. Innovative approaches may help foresters...

Methods Data on species composition for both taxonomic groups were collecting using standard inventory methods for birds and butterflies in temperate regions. Data were compiled at three sampling grains, sites (average 12 ha), canyons (average 74 ha) and mountain ranges. For each sampling grain in turn, we calculated similarity of species composition using the Jaccard index. First, we investiga...

Environment[1] Environment[1]Climate Change [2]Forest [3]Mountain [4]Norway [5]Forskning.no [6] Birch forest is currently expanding in mountain regions because of climate warming and reduced grazing pressure. A recent study shows that increased mountain forest promotes climate warming. Tourists and locals have noticed that forests are creeping up hillsides in mountain regions in Norway. Beautif...

1. The Mountains of Europe 1.1.Key Values of the Mountains 2. Sustainable Mountain Development: A New Priority 2.1.Defining Sustainable Mountain Development 2.2.Priorities from the European Intergovernmental Consultation 2.3.Priorities from the European Nongovernmental Consultation 3. Activities Connected with Sustainable Mountain Development in Europe 3.1.Initiatives Within Pan-European Instit...