The landscape approach is relevant for the study of mountainous areas, and serves to bring order complex differentiation natural conditions resources. Based on mapping in different mountain regions North Caucasus, Tien Shan Altai, there are three levels operational units that can form basis optimising nature management: habitats (year-round residence, seasonal farming fragmented visits), micro-...

Abstract Traditional farming, where livestock is seasonally managed as free ranging and the use of drugs reduced or absent, may prove beneficial to biodiversity by fostering occurrence spatial heterogeneity, increasing availability trophic resources wildlife. Previous work indicates that presence cattle in lowlands leads an increase bat foraging activity, yet no study has addressed this topic m...

the needs and characteristics of tehran metropolitan and developing recreational areas require goal setting and special planning from various view points. regarding the destroying process in mountainous regions, especially in south alborz (koohsar nature park), makes the importance of the region obvious. so, it's better to plan such areas in a systematic and fundamental framework. the purp...

Rural residents’ perception is an important way of evaluating rural ecosystem services. Different topographies affect the level services, thus affecting perceived preferences. This study conducted a questionnaire survey 1176 residents in mountainous, hilly, and plain areas Shandong Province. It analyzed respondents’ satisfaction with services landscape preferences different topographical areas....

This study explores potential signals of microdifferentiation on the gene pool of three high-altitude populations from Jujuy province (NW Argentina) using highly polymorphic markers. These human communities are characterized by extreme living conditions and very low population densities owing to considerable height above sea level and steep orography. A set of autosomal STRs located at chromoso...

As a local environmental issue with global importance, land use/land cover change (LUCC) has always been one of the key issues in geography and environmental studies with the expansion of regional case studies. While most of LUCC studies in China have focused on urban land use change, meanwhile, compared with the rapid change of urban land use in the coastal areas of eastern China, slow but dis...

Eastern hemlock is in decline in many parts of its range in the eastern United States due primarily to infestation by the hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA). In Shenandoah National Park, HWA rapidly killed many hemlock stands after first appearing in 1989. While the severity of hemlock decline in Shenandoah National Park may preclude saving the hemlock forest component, an examination of the progress...

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate economic benefits associated with agricultural landscape-cultivating services provided as an input on behalf of the tourism sector in Austria. Applying the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) 4600 tourists spending vacations in Austria were asked about their willingness to pay for these services in the summer of 1991. The mean and median was 9.20 ATS and 3...