The balsam woolly adelgid (Adelges piceae (Ratzeburg) (Homoptera: Adelgidae)) (BWA) is a nonnative, invasive insect that threatens Abies species throughout North America. It is well established in the Pacific Northwest, but continues to move eastward through Idaho and into Montana and potentially threatens subalpine fir to the south in the central and southern Rocky Mountains. We developed a cl...

The geographic-dependence characteristics of the energy spectrum of the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO; May–October) over the Indo–western Pacific region were analyzed using 25-yr (1979– 2003) observational data. The BSISO energy spectrum distribution exhibits a distinctive regional characteristic. The stationary and eastward-propagating modes are most pronounced at the equator ...

In a previous study, the effect of the March 1997 Westerly Wind Event (WWE) on the evolution of the tropical Pacific Ocean was studied using an ocean general circulation model (GCM). The response was characterized by (i) a cooling of the far western Pacific (;0.88C), (ii) a rapid eastward displacement of the warm pool (2000 km in a month), and (iii) a weak warming of the central eastern Pacific...

The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), also known as the intraseasonal oscillation (ISO), is a planetaryscale mode of variation in the tropical Indian and western Pacific Oceans. Basic questions about the MJO are why it propagates eastward at;5 m s, why it lasts for intraseasonal time scales, and how it interacts with the fine structure that is embedded in it. This study will test the hypothesis ...

A record-breaking, long-persisting extreme cold anomaly (ECA) over Southeast Asia, accompanied by an intraseasonal convection over the Maritime Continent, is identified during the La Niña mature phase in February 2008. The cause of the ECA, in particular the role of the intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the ECA, is investigated by diagnosing observations...

Propagation of subsurface North Pacific interdecadal variations is investigated with an ocean general circulation model forced by observed sea surface temperature anomalies. Subsurface temperature anomalies subducted in the central subtropical North Pacific take a more westward pathway than a passive “temperature” tracer and reach the western boundary to the north of the bifurcation latitude. T...

Autonomous Lagrangian Circulation Explorer (ALACE) floats are used to examine mean flow and eddy fluxes at 900-m depth in the Southern Ocean. Mean temperature and dynamic topography from float data are consistent with earlier estimates from hydrographic surveys, although floats imply warmer temperatures and narrower frontal structures than do atlas data. Differences between hydrographic and ALA...

During October 1971, four cesium beam atomic clocks were flown on regularly scheduled commercial jet flights around the world twice, once eastward and once westward, to test Einstein's theory of relativity with macroscopic clocks. From the actual flight paths of each trip, the theory predicts that the flying clocks, compared with reference clocks at the U.S. Naval Observatory, should have lost ...