Transmission loss and noise reduction of reactive mufflers are determined by linear acoustic theory and unsteady flow field study, respectively. The effects of extending the inlet tube of the muffler, adding holes to the extension, and the number of holes on both transmission loss and noise reduction are investigated. In noise reduction analysis, the Navier-Stokes equations and k-ε model are us...

Use of fuel blend in place traditionally used fossil fuel, significantly reduced carbonated emissions from internal combustion engine. Further reduction such with controlled ‘NOx yield’ is a challenge faced by researchers. Modification muffler geometry an engine while using blended helps temperature and subsequently diminish NOx formation alters CO2 emissions. This paper investigates hybrid met...

Looking away from the road during a task degrades situation awareness of potential hazards. Long glances back to rebuild this and are thought be critical for maintaining good vehicle control recognizing conflicts. To further investigate importance rebuilding awareness, controlled test-track study was performed that evaluated drivers’ hazard response performance surprise event after completing i...

In order to enhance the acoustical performance of a traditional straight-path automobile muffler, multi-chamber muffler having reverse paths is presented. Here, composed two internally parallel/extended tubes and one extended outlet. addition, prevent noise transmission from muffler’s casing, shell also lined with sound absorbing material. Because geometry an automotive complicated, using a...