Ronald Reagan and Justice Brennan have both suggested that computers can remove the controversy and politics from redistricting. ' In fact proponents of automated redistricting claim that the "optimal" districting plan can be determined, given any set of specified values. The Supreme Court has expressed a similar sentiment by addressing such mechanical principles as contiguity and compactness i...

This chapter uses a simulation model to generate predictions about the effects of gerrymandering institutions on four different measures of voter welfare, with interactions for partisan tides and party polarization. Four representation norms are defined: policy median, compositional, personal, and discursive. The simulation generates three major predictions with respect to these norms: (a) bipa...

Political Districting Problem is one of the critical issues in political elections, it can be expressed as: how to partition a state into reasonable districts for parliament election and presidential election. In this paper, the political districting problem for parliament election is modelled as a doubly weighted graph partition problem and it is formulated into quadratic programming model. Us...

Efficient human resource planning is the cornerstone of designing an effective home health care system. Human in system consists decisions on districting/zoning, staff dimensioning, assignment, scheduling, and routing. In this study, a two-stage stochastic mixed integer model proposed that considers these simultaneously. phase system, main uncertain parameters are travel service times. Hence, t...

Abstract Political districting (PD) is a wide studied topic in the literature since 60s. It typically requires multi-criteria approach, and mathematical programs are frequently suggested to model many aspects of this difficult problem. This implies that exact models cannot be solved optimality when size territory too large. In spite this, an formulation can also exploited heuristic framework fi...