In this era of large-scale, multi-institutional studies, the importance analyzing hierarchical (clustered) data is increasing. However, conventional regression analysis may be inadequate for purpose because it assumes that records individual patients are independent other patients. Multilevel a statistical method allows one to analyze with structure. Mixed-effect models expand by incorporating ...

We assessed evidence for a contextual effect of positive intergroup contact, whereby the effect of intergroup contact between social contexts (the between-level effect) on outgroup prejudice is greater than the effect of individual-level contact within contexts (the within-level effect). Across seven large-scale surveys (five cross-sectional and two longitudinal), using multilevel analyses, we ...

in the present study, an application of multilevel modeling approach to the input- output analysis are presented first, the regional input-output table of all provinces in iran was extracted based on the adjusted flegg location quotient method (aflq). second differentiation in the leontief technical coefficients and the backward and forward linkages among various activities and sectors of all p...

OBJECTIVE Recommendations for fruit and vegetable consumption are largely unmet. Lower socio-economic status (SES), neighbourhood poverty and poor access to retail outlets selling healthy foods are thought to predict lower consumption. The objective of the present study was to assess the interrelationships between these risk factors as predictors of fruit and vegetable consumption. DESIGN Cro...

organizational science is moving toward the development of a paradigm that can bridge the micro-macro gap in theory and research. in this research, public service motivation as a multi level construct is studied,using multi level approaches and by the means of hierarchical linear modeling (hlm) which is one of the multi level analysis techniques. random sampling method was employed in a standar...

First of all, in this paper, the topology and operation of the three-phase three-level Z-source inverter based on neutral-point-clamped (Z-NPC) are studied. Moreover, different combinations of permissible switching states and control signals are explained for this inverter. In this paper, the topology of the three-phase three-level Z-NPC inverter is extended for an n-level state. Also, a combin...

multilevel inverters has big placement advantages in power electronics and its application can be mentioned to facts tools such as upfc – d-statcom. therefore, nowadays multilevel inverters have created vast field’s research and researchers are trying to present appropriate structures with fewer keys and greater advantages. the main advantages of multilevel inverters mentioned are low-key volta...

A positive school climate is an important component of successful and effective schools and thus is often an aim of schoolwide initiatives. Climate has traditionally been conceptualized as a school-level factor and is often assumed to be related to other school-level factors (e.g., school size). The current study examines variation in perceptions of climate based on individual-, classroom-, and...

BACKGROUND Outcomes research often compares patient and organizational outcomes across institutions, dealing with variables measured at different hierarchical levels. A traditional approach to analyzing multilevel data has been to aggregate individual-level variables at the institutional level. OBJECTIVES To introduce the conceptual and statistical background of multilevel analysis and provid...

Research in several new topologies of Multilevel inverter(MLI) has been carried out rapidly day by day. Recently several topologies have been introduced achieving higher levels with reduced device couns and DC sources .In this paper a new hybrid symmetric MLI is proposed .This topology has reduced number of controlled switches, Dc sources and numbers of capacitors which are very less compared t...