INTRODUCTION Pain experienced during labor is probably the most painful event in the lives of women. Environment itself influences a mother's experience of pain. Tension and stress resulting from pregnancy crisis and labor increase when the mother is hospitalized, which is concomitant with stressful situations and factors that affect pain perception during labor. The purpose of this study was t...

BACKGROUND A trans-generational influence of prenatal tobacco smoke exposure on asthma development has been proposed but the evidence remains sparse. METHODS We examined the grandmother's smoking when pregnant with the mother in relation to asthma outcomes in the grandchild (current asthma at 36 months (N=53 169, cases=3013), current asthma at 7 years (N=25 394, cases=1265) and dispensed asth...

We explore the existence of social interactions in Medicaid participation among pregnant women within small neighborhood networks. A currently pregnant mother is substantially more likely to participate in Medicaid if a recently pregnant mother on her exact census block also received Medicaid benefits during her pregnancy. Endogenous sorting is dealt by only comparing mothers within a broader n...

OBJECTIVES To determine the frequency of alloimmunization against human platelet antigens (HPAs) and human leucocyte antigen class 1 (HLA1) in multiparous women and multi-transfused patients.   METHODS This prospective study was conducted between January and August 2013, on 50 multiparous women with no history of previous blood transfusion recruited from the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic, ...

background and aim: maternal concept is part of the feminine gender role. the important part of the maternal concept is the unique relationship experience between mother and child that begins with  maternal-fetal attachment(mfa) during pregnancy. the aim of this study is predict the mfa according to gender role in pregnant women in shiraz city. methods:this descriptive correlational study was c...

BACKGROUND Pregnant women are exposed to tobacco smoke through active smoking and contact with secondhand smoke (SHS), and these exposures have a significant impact on public health. We investigated the factors that mediate active smoking, successful quitting, and SHS exposure among pregnant women in Crete, Greece. METHODS Using a cotinine-validated questionnaire, data were collected on activ...

OBJECTIVES We examined the use of low (<400 μg/day, including no use) and high folic acid supplement (FAS) dosages (≥1000 μg/day) among pregnant women in Spain, and explored factors associated with the use of these non-recommended dosages. DESIGN Population-based cohort study. SETTING Spain. PARTICIPANTS We analysed data from 2332 pregnant women of the INMA study, a prospective mother-chi...

To determine the variation of Q angle in multiparous pregnant females. Study Design: An observational cross-sectional study. Place and Duration study: 22nd August 2020 to February 2021 at University Lahore Gujrat Campus. Patients Methods: Multiparous females were included this study who was not diagnosed with any knee joint complication like fracture, OA, RA, genu valgum, recurvatum arthroplast...

OBJECTIVE The number of people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in China has increased in recent years. HIV screening for pregnant women was performed in a remote area in Xinjiang, as an effort to promote universal HIV screening in pregnant women and to help prevention of mother-to-child transmission. METHODS Pregnant women in Burqin and Jeminay Counties in Xinjiang were offer...