The reuse of treated municipal sewage ('biosolids') on land is an effective method to divert waste away from landfill and to use an alternative, low cost method of fertilisation. While legislation has mainly focused on the control of nutrient and metal application rates to land, other potentially harmful emerging contaminants (ECs) may be present in biosolids. Up to 80% of municipal sewage slud...

Abstact: The aim of the research project was to carry out the co-digestion of organic fraction of solid municipal waste in the form of source separated kitchen waste and sewage sludge. The influence of the kitchen waste as a co-substrate on the stability and efficiency of the process was determined. Mesophilic fermentation (36 ̊C) was conducted for sewage sludge as well as mixtures of sewage slu...

The aim of this study was to assess the toxicity sewage sludge from municipal treatment plant in Bialystok. Raw sewage, primary settling tank, activated sludge, before fermentation chamber, recirculated and after dehydration on press were tested. Microtox Model 500 kit using Aliivibrio fischeri luminescent bacteria used for analyzes. EC50 index (indicating concentration toxic substances resulti...

AIMS To assess the risk for work related symptoms among sewage workers in Sweden using a postal questionnaire. METHODS All municipalities in Sweden were contacted and asked to provide addresses of sewage workers and controls. Controls were recruited among other municipal workers not exposed to sewage, such as workers in drinking water plants and gardeners. A questionnaire was sent to the subj...

BACKGROUND Workers exposed to sewage may have an increased risk of infection by Helicobacter pylori and hepatitis E virus (HEV). OBJECTIVES To assess the incidence of clinical hepatitis E and peptic ulcers and the seroconversion rate of antibodies to H pylori and HEV in workers with and without sewage exposure. METHODS 332 workers exposed to sewage and a control group of 446 municipal manua...

This article is focused on lightweight aggregate-concrete modified by municipal sewage sludge and lightweight aggregate-concrete obtained from light aggregates. The article presents laboratory examinations of material physical parameters. Water absorptivity of the examined material was decreased by the admixture of water emulsion of reactive polysiloxanes. Water transport properties were determ...

The composition of municipal wastewater and sewage sludge reflects the use and proliferation of elements and contaminants within society. In Sweden, official statistics show that concentrations of toxic metals in municipal sewage sludge have steadily decreased, by up to 90 %, since the 1970s, due to environmental programmes and statutory limits on metals in sludge and soil. Results from long-te...

A significant nutrient load can be generated internally by publicly owned treatment works (POTWs). These nutrients can be found in the reject water, also known as side streams, of many municipal wastewater and sewage sludge treatment processes. These side streams include the reject stream from membranes, supernatant liquid from sludge digesters, and the centrate/filtrate return stream from sewa...

At present, the main contributors to waste to energy are municipal solid waste, manufacturing waste and landfill gas. Probably we are all most familiar with the first (MSW), which involves the garbage that the garbage men pick up regularly at our homes and which goes to a landfill, a transfer station, or incinerator. Today we are going to introduce you to something relatively new on the alterna...