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one of the most important parameters essential in different water supplies, treatment, transfer and distribution projects, is water consumption per capita. but unfortunately in many cases, statistics and date available in texts or irrelevant samplings are used. varamin is a region located in south east of tehran. among the most important problems in this region, insufficiency of personnel prolo...

EDITORIAL Editorial I hope you had a good start in 2007. GECCO surely had. With 577 submissions, GECCO-2007 has beaten the 2005 record of 550 submissions by 4.4%. And there are still many events for which the submission is still open: the 16 workshops (the deadline is March 23rd), the late-breaking papers track (the deadline is April 28th), and the human competitive, the " Humies " , awards (th...

Qatar has experienced rapid economic growth due to the discovery and production of fuel oil and natural gas (NG). The natural renewable water resources (rainfall and groundwater [GW]) are depleted; and are estimated as 71-m/per year per capita in 2005. This is far below the water poverty line of 1,000-m/yca. The GW withdrawal is excessive (compared to replenishment) and is used mainly for irrig...

Study objective: To determine the source and the extent of a community wide outbreak of gastroenteritis. Design: A matched case-control study with postal questionnaires. Subtyping of campylobacter strains by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Setting: A rural municipality with a population of 8600 in southern Finland, August 2000. Two thirds of the population receive non-chlorinated groun...

background: a substantial proportion of college students to not drink enough water and consume sugar-sweetened beverages (ssbs). consumption of ssbs is associated with weight gain, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dental carries, and increased risk for cardiovascular disease. hence, the purpose of this study was to use the multi-theory model (mtm) in predicting initiation and sustenance of pl...

STUDY OBJECTIVE To determine the source and the extent of a community wide outbreak of gastroenteritis. DESIGN A matched case-control study with postal questionnaires. Subtyping of campylobacter strains by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). SETTING A rural municipality with a population of 8600 in southern Finland, August 2000. Two thirds of the population receive non-chlorinated grou...

The metal finishing industry is water intensive. Surveys of South African metal finishing companies indicate that water consumption is as high as 400 L/m of metal surface treated, whilst best available practice can achieve less than 10 L/m. The industry uses hazardous chemicals such as chrome VI, cadmium, nickel and cyanide. If consumption of these chemicals can be optimized, quantities of heav...

The control system for a municipal water system needs to meet the criteria of maintaining continuity and reliability in the water supply for satisfying the consumer demand while saving the energy costs and maintaining the quality of water. In this paper, we propose an intelligent agent system for a municipal water system. This work shows the benefits of using the agent-based approach in handlin...