Murmurs arise when blood flow becomes turbulent, causing vibration of cardiovascular structures. Physiological murmurs or functional murmurs result from turbulent flow associated with normal blood flows at high velocity. Pathological murmurs are caused by a pathological condition such as valvular regurgitation or congenital cardiac disease. When a murmur is diagnosed, we first need to identify ...

Cardiac murmur is frequently recognized in healthy children, but it can also be the presenting feature in many forms of congenital heart disease, including regurgitation or stenosis of heart valves or left-to-right shunt lesions at the atrial, ventricular, or great arterial levels. Careful examination reveals innocent systolic murmurs in as many as 72% of all school-age children [1]. A high pre...

BACKGROUND Heart murmurs are common in children, and they are often referred to a specialist for examination. A clinically innocent murmur does not need further investigation. The referral area of the University Hospital is large and sparsely populated. A new service for remote auscultation (telemedicine) of heart murmurs in children was established where heart sounds and short texts were sent ...

The identification and interpretation of equine murmurs can be improved. In older horses, the two common degenerative valvular conditions are mitral and aortic regurgitation, which occur with approximate equal frequency. Mitral regurgitation produces a systolic murmur. These are often blowing in character. If the murmur occupies all of systole the pulse wave in a peripheral artery can be palpat...