Low threshold Ca2+ currents mediated by T-type channels underlie burst spike activities of relay neurons in the thalamus. We have previously reported that knock-out mice for T-type channels show an enhanced nociceptive response to visceral pain, accompanied by an increase in tonic spikes in the absence of burst spikes in thalamic relay neurons. These results raised a possibility that T-type cha...

objective(s): adeno-associated virus type 2 (aav2) vectors are widely used for both experimental and clinical gene therapy. a recent research has shown that the performance of these vectors can be greatly improved by substitution of specific surface-exposed tyrosine residues with phenylalanines. in this study, a fast and simple method is presented to generate aav2 vector helper plasmids encodin...

conclusions expression levels of 1,426 genes were significantly up-regulated in the mutant compared to wt. furthermore, 301 genes were down-regulated with false discovery rates (fdr) of < 0.001 and absolute value of log2 ratio of ≥ 1. results a total of 4,182,944 and 4,182,021 clean tags were obtained from the wt and a nonpathogenic mutant stain (bct89), respectively, and 10,410 differentially ...

conclusions this study showed that the presence of mutation at codons rtl80v, rtl180m and rtm204v in a, b and c domains is associated with higher viral load and resistance to lamivudine (3tc) respectively. results about 6% (3 of 50) of samples were hbeag positive and 94% (47 of 50) of patients were hbeag negative by elisa method. the patients' alt level was between 16 and 95 iu/l with the mean ...

haemorrhagic septicaemia (hs) is a fatal systemic disease of cattle and buffaloes. some control isachieved with administration of alum-precipitated or oil-adjuvanted killed whole-cell vaccines injectedsubcutaneously. these vaccines, however, provide only short-term immunity and for effective use, theyshould be administered annually. we constructed an aroa attenuated derivative of a pasteurella ...

the structural requirements for the inhibitor activity of various furan carboxanilide derivatives against succinate dehydrogenase complex (sdc) activity in mitochondria of either wild or mutant strains of ustilago maydis were investigated with the aid of hansch qsar analysis. it has been found that the inhibitor activity against both types of enzymes is best related to the ??? or ??m of the sub...

DdrA protein binds to and protects 3' DNA ends and is essential for preserving the genome integrity of Deinococcus radiodurans following treatment by gamma radiation in an environment lacking nutrients. Limited proteolysis was used to identify a stable and functional protein core, designated DdrA157, consisting of the first 157 residues of the protein. In vitro, the biochemical differences betw...

a one kb portion of the rpos gene from flexibacter chinensis was isolated by pcr, sequenced and compared to the rpos gene of a variety of other organisms. the gene was found to be 98% similar to previously sequenced genes. mutation of the rpos gene with tri-parental mating produced strain jr101 and the growth rate of the mutant was compared with that of the wild-type. the mutant grew slower, an...

Drought stress is one of the important factors that restrict crop production in the world. This study was conducted to investigate defense gene expression in response to drought stress, and also to evaluate the drought tolerance and its mechanism in rice cultivars based on randomized complete block design in two separate environments (drought stress and non-stress). The rice cultivars used incl...