let $r$ be an arbitrary ring and $t$ be a submodule of an $r$-module $m$. a submodule $n$ of $m$ is called $t$-small in $m$ provided for each submodule $x$ of $m$, $tsubseteq x+n$ implies that $tsubseteq x$. we study this mentioned notion which is a generalization of the small submodules and we obtain some related results.

Abstract We explore the possibility of resolving Hubble tension and $(g-2)_{\mu}$ anomaly simultaneously in a U(1)$_{L_\mu - L_\tau}$ model with Majoron. only focus on case where Majoron $\phi$ does not exist at beginning universe is created by neutrino inverse decay $\nu\nu\to \phi$ after electron–positron annihilation. In this case, contributions new gauge boson $Z'$ to effective number speci...

One of the sciences used in digital security systems is cryptography. Cryptography closely related to integer system, especially prime numbers. Prime numbers themselves have been abstracted a lot. form abstraction ideal. Previous studies proven that an Ideal said be ideal on if and only I constructed by element. Other also shown how develops. them research result Dauns, where developed submodul...

Let $G$ be an abelian group with identity $e$. $R$ a $G$-graded commutative ring identity, $M$ graded $R$-module and $S\subseteq h(R)$ multiplicatively closed subset of $R$. In this paper, we introduce the concept $S$-prime submodules modules over rings. We investigate some properties class their homogeneous components. $N$ submodule such that $(N:_{R}M)\cap S=\emptyset $. say is \textit{a }$S$...

The work in this paper is inspired and motivated by some work of Nathanson. We count the number of relatively prime subsets and the number of relatively prime subsets having some fixed cardinality that are in {m,m+1, . . . , n}. We also count the number of nonempty subsets of {m,m+1, . . . , n} whose gcd is relatively prime to n and the number of nonempty subsets {m,m+1, . . . , n} having some ...

In this paper, we introduce the concept of a quasi-radical semi prime submodule. Throughout work, assume that is commutative ring with identity and left unitary R- module. A proper submodule called (for short Q-rad-semiprime), if for , ,and then . Where intersection all submodules

Let φ(n) be the Euler-phi function, define φ0(n) = n and φk+1(n) = φ(φk(n)) for all k ≥ 0. We will determine an asymptotic formula for the set of integers n less than x for which φk(n) is y-smooth, conditionally on a weak form of the Elliott-Halberstam conjecture. 1.Introduction Integers without large prime factors, usually called smooth numbers, play a central role in several topics of number ...

Throughout this note we will use the following standard notation from elementary number theory: p denotes a prime number, μ(n) is the Möbius function, φ(n) is the Euler phi function, ω(n) denotes the number of distinct prime divisors of n, and τ(n) is the number of positive integers which divide n. Also we use λ to denote Lebesgue measure on R/Z and dimX to denote the Hausdorff dimension of a s...