Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) is a proinflammatory cytokine with pleiotropic immunological and biological activities. TNFalpha signaling is triggered by the engagement of soluble TNFalpha to two types of cell surface receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2. This recruits cytosolic proteins to the intracellular domains of the receptors and initiates signaling to downstream effectors. In this study, ...

Newly obtained near-infrared reflectance spectra for features on or near the Aristarchus Plateau demonstrate he diversity of compositions in the region. t!ighland units are of three probable compositions: a feldspar and elinopyroxene assemblage; a probable clinopyroxene, olivine, and possibly feldspar assemblage; and an assemblage composed of olivine or olivine and feldspar. The feldspar-elinop...

Mineral dusts originating from Earth's crust are known to be important atmospheric ice nuclei. In agreement with earlier studies, feldspar was found as the most active of the tested natural mineral dusts. Here we investigated in closer detail the reasons for its activity and the difference in the activity of the different feldspars. Conclusions are drawn from scanning electron microscopy, X-ray...

Cation exchange experiments between gem quality sanidine [Formula: see text] and KCl melt produced chemical alteration of alkali feldspar starting at the grain surface and propagating inwards by highly anisotropic Na-K interdiffusion on the alkali sublattice. Diffusion fronts developing in b-direction are very sharp, while diffusion fronts within the a-c-plane are comparatively broad. Due to th...

Fibrous tremolite is a mineral species belonging to the amphibole group. It is present almost everywhere in the world as a natural contaminant of other minerals, like talc and vermiculite. It can be also found as a natural contaminant of the chrysotile form of asbestos. Tremolite asbestos exposures result in respiratory health consequences similar to the other forms of asbestos exposure, includ...

Feldspar minerals are the most common rock formers in Earth's crust. As such they play an important role in subjects ranging from geology to climate science. An atomistic understanding of the feldspar structure and its interaction with water is therefore desirable, not least because feldspar has been shown to dominate ice nucleation by mineral dusts in Earth's atmosphere. The complexity of the ...

Dale L. Shaner American Cyanamid Co., P.O. Box 400, Princeton, N.J., 08543-0400 U.S.A. Z. Naturforsch. 46c, 893-896 (1991); received March 26, 1991 Maize, Imidazolinone, Safeners, Naphthalic Acid, Naphthalic Anhydride, Metabolism The tolerance of maize to root-applied imazethapyr can be increased by pretreating plants with the potassium salt of naphthalic acid (NAK). This safening effect appear...

Using a theoretical model of smooth muscle cell from rat mesenteric arterioles, we investigated calcium dynamics in normal and hypertensive vascular wall. The model incorporated a detailed description of plasma membrane, cytosol and intracellular stores. Inhibition of Na + -K + pump (NaK) simulated the effect of ouabain in salt sensitive hypertension. The inhibition caused intracellular sodium ...

Tarihte birçok medeniyete ev sahipli?i yapm?? Kahramanmara? ili, bu medeniyetlerin ya?am biçimleri ve sosyal olgular?ndan etkilenerek kendi kültürünü kimli?ini olu?turmu?tur. De?erlerine bir kültür miras? olarak sahip ç?kan bölge halk?, tarih boyunca duygu dü?üncelerini çe?itli el sanatlar?na aktarm?? günümüzde de aktar?ma devam etmektedir. ilinde yo?un uygulanan sanatlar?ndan Mara? File Nak???...

A significant tin deposit has been identified in the northeast part of the Late Proterozoic Arabian Shield. Cassiterite-topaz-quartz greisens are distributed over 16 km2 in flat-topped cupolas of a highly evolved, zinnwaldite-bearing alkali-feldspar granite which composes part of the silsilah ring complex (lat 26"06'N, long 4240'E). The 587 m.y. old alkali-feldspar granite is overlain by a cara...