Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum (SG) is an intracellular pathogen of chickens. To survive, to invade and to multiply in the intestinal tract and intracellularly it depends on its ability to produce energy in anaerobic conditions. The fumarate reductase (frdABCD), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) reductase (dmsABC), and nitrate reductase (narGHIJ) operons in Salmone...

The cytochrome bd complex in the obligately aerobic diazotroph Azotobacter vinelandii is an oxidase, which, in vivo, has a low affinity for oxygen and is required for respiratory protection of nitrogenase. Mutations caused by insertion of Tn5-B20 upstream of the structural genes (cydAB) for cytochrome bd result in over-expression of this oxidase and, for unexplained reasons, inability of the or...

Nanotoxicological studies were performed in vitro using the common soil bacterium Pseudomonas stutzeri to assess the potentially toxic impact of commercial nano-sized zero-valent iron (nZVI) particles, which are currently used for environmental remediation projects. The phenotypic response of P. stutzeri to nZVI toxicity includes an initial insult to the cell wall, as evidenced by TEM micrograp...

Nitric oxide (NO) inhibits a variety of heme-containing enzymes, including NO synthase and cytochrome P4501A1 and 2B1. The present study examined whether NO inhibits the production of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) by cytochrome P4504A enzymes and whether blockade of the production of this substance contributes to the vascular effects of NO. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 10(-5), 10(-4),...

N~tnc oxide (NO) Inhibits a variety of heme-contammg enzymes, mcludmg NO synthase and cytochrome P4501Al and 2Bl The present study exammed whether NO mhlblts the production of 20-hydroxyelcosatetraenolc acid (20-HETE) by cytochrome P4504A enzymes and whether blockade of the production of this substance contributes to the vascular effects of NO Sodium mtroprusslde (SNP, lo-‘, lo-“, and 10m3 mol/...

Nitrogen fertilizer results in the release of nitrous oxide (N2O), a concern because N2O is an ozone-depleting substance and greenhouse gas. Although reduction to nitrogen gas can control emissions, factors impacting enzymes involved have not been fully explored. The current study investigated abundance diversity genes cycling (primarily denitrification) under four agricultural management pract...