Rhinitis affects millions of people around the world, places a huge burden on the economy and reduces patients' health-related quality of life. Azelastine nasal spray is a second-generation antihistamine, indicated for the treatment of allergic and nonallergic rhinitis in both adults and children. It offers a rapid onset of action (15 min) and flexibility of both dose (i.e., one or two sprays/n...

In addition to topical delivery, nasal sprays offer an alternative drug administration route the systemic circulation, therefore avoiding need for painful, invasive delivery techniques. Studies on efficacy of date have been conflicting despite its potential. particular computational studies, e.g. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), spray deposition require realistic initial conditions, which ar...

Aim: Chronic rhinosinusitis is an inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa often occurring concurrently with dry eye. The aim was to assess the effects of Manuka (Leptospermum spp.) antibacterial honey nasal spray (Melcare® Manuka+TM Nasal Spray, Melcare, Australia) and eye drops (Optimel Manuka+ Dry Eye Drops, Melcare, Australia) on both conditions. The safety of and adherence to these treatme...

BACKGROUND The role of nitric oxide in the early and late phase of the allergic process was investigated in patients with allergic rhinitis against house dust mite and the effect of fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray was determined. METHODS Production of nitric oxide (measured as nitrite+nitrate) in vivo in nasal mucosa was examined in 24 patients with rhinitis allergic to the house d...

Objectives. The meta-analysis aims to investigate the efficacy of ectoine nasal spray and eye drops in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms. Design and Methods. This meta-analysis is based on yet unpublished data of four studies. Both nasal and eye symptoms were documented in patient diary cards. All scales were transformed into a 4-point scale: 0 = no, 1 = mild, ...

The aim of this work is to describe and characterize a new spray-drying procedure for the production of nasal powders as an alternative to the conventional freeze-drying method. Cyanocobalamin was chosen as the active ingredient and loaded into five different nonsoluble vehicles with high water absorption ability. Then these hydrated particles were suspended in methylene chloride and spray-drie...

The aim of this article was to study the trans-epithelial absorption to reach the blood and to target the brain by axonal transport using nasal formulations with nanonized meloxicam (nano MEL spray) and its salt form known as meloxicam potassium monohydrate (MELP spray). The physicochemical properties and the mucoadhesivity of nasal formulations were controlled. In vitro and in vivo studies wer...

Nasal sprays and aerosols are becoming increasingly popular methods for drug delivery. The nasal route is a non-invasive way of administering drugs with rapid uptake into the bloodstream and is considered to be important for the systematic delivery of proteins and other macromolecules. A key parameter in defining the efficiency of nasal aerosol delivery systems is the particle size distribution...

BACKGROUND Xylometazoline is a nasal decongestant spray that constricts nasal blood vessels and increases nasal airflow, enabling patients with a blocked nose to breathe more easily. The purpose of this study was to characterize objectively and subjectively the decongestant and additional effects of xylometazoline in the common cold. METHODS A double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group ...

Nasal drug delivery can be assessed by a variety of means and regulatory agencies, e.g., the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) have published a set of guidelines and regulations proposing in vitro test methods for the characterization of nasal drug products. This article gives a summary of the FDA and EMA requirements regarding the determination of dropl...