Today rapidly growing economies depend more on the creation, acquisition, distribution, and use of knowledge. As such, strategies for enhancing research and innovation capabilities have come to occupy a more important position in many developing nations, including China. Already the leading production center, and often seen as China’s economic locomotive, Shanghai is striving aggressively to re...

BACKGROUND The United Kingdom (UK) lags behind other high-income countries in relation to technological innovation in healthcare. In order to inform UK strategy on how to catalyse innovation, we sought to understand what national strategies can help to promote a climate for innovation in healthcare settings by extracting lessons for the UK from international innovators. METHODS We undertook a...

†Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (10601001), Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation (050460102, 070412065), Foundation of Innovation Team on Basic Mathematics of Anhui University. ‡Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (60772121), NSF of Department of Education of Anhui Province (2005KJ005ZD), Foundation of Innovation Team on Eletrocircuit Desi...

We review the literature on national innovation systems. We first focus on the emergence of the concept of innovation systems, reviewing its historical origins and three main flavours (associated to three “founding fathers” of the concept). After this, we discuss how the notion of innovation systems filled a need for providing a broader basis for innovation policy. We conclude with some perspec...

Ever since the Government of India established the “National Knowledge Commission” under the chairmanship of Pitroda[1] to promote awareness of the significance of the growth of knowledge in developing a knowledge-based society, continued efforts have been made to generate new ideas and innovations in different sectors of knowledge. Establishment of a National Innovation Council was a first ste...