Fluorescent d-amino acids (FDAAs) enable efficient in situ labeling of peptidoglycan in diverse bacterial species. Conducted by enzymes involved in peptidoglycan biosynthesis, FDAA labeling allows specific probing of cell wall formation/remodeling activity, bacterial growth and cell morphology. Their broad application and high biocompatibility have made FDAAs an important and effective tool for...

The nasal cavity possesses many advantages as a site for drug delivery, such as, ease of administration, applicability for long term treatments and a large surface area for absorption. One important limiting factor for nasal drug delivery is the limited time available for absorption within the nasal cavity due to mucociliary clearance. Several drug delivery systems including different kinds of ...

The nasal cavity possesses many advantages as a site for drug delivery, such as, ease of administration, applicability for long term treatments and a large surface area for absorption. One important limiting factor for nasal drug delivery is the limited time available for absorption within the nasal cavity due to mucociliary clearance. Several drug delivery systems including different kinds of ...

Applying the concept of ‘‘secondary deviance’’ from Labeling Theory, this study hypothesizes that perceptions of disability labeling are relevant to individuals’ acceptance of disability. Such reactions may lead to an entitlement attitude toward substance use and encourage further deviant activities such as illicit drug use. The Žndings from our analyses tend to conŽrm our expectations that per...

In addition to labeling people as mentally ill, the law often labels them as incompetent to exercise certain rights or to play particular roles. Indeed, under the broad dicta of Zinermon v. Burch, incompetency labeling may increase dramatically. This article uses principles of social and cognitive psychology to examine the effects of incompetency labeling. Such labeling is shown to produce pote...

Labeling and the effects of labeling have been extensively researched in the psychological literature in a variety of different contexts. For example, labeling has been empirically shown to lead to lowered expectancies of behavior and achievement, which can then contribute to the potential for the occurrence of a self-fulfi lling prophecy with adverse consequences. Another area that has been ex...

This study investigated whether the effect of labeling on people's evaluation of aggression varies according to the group category of the evaluators (i.e., whether they are ingroup members or third parties). Two labeling strategies--the negative labeling of victims (NL strategy) and the positive labeling of aggressors (PL strategy)--were adopted. We conducted an experiment using the hot sauce p...

background and purpose : there has been no report in which preoperative evaluation of adc for prediction of post therapeutic outcome was presented. the aim of our study was to retrospectively evaluation the use of the apparent diffusion coefficient (adc) for the prediction of malignancy and the outcome of malignant astrocytic tumors. methods: we reviewed mri of 26 male and 14 female patients wi...

background: various frequencies of sperm aneuploidy are reported in sperms of subfertile patients compared to normal individuals. moreover, sperm dna damage is shown to be associated with male infertility. in this study, the rate of dna damage and frequencies of aneuploidy in sperms of subfertile patients was investigated. methods: semen samples were obtained from healthy normal and subfertile ...

A radio k-labeling of a connected graph G is an assignment f of non negative integers to the vertices of G such that |f(x)− f(y)| ≥ k + 1− d(x, y), for any two vertices x and y, where d(x, y) is the distance between x and y in G. The radio antipodal number is the minimum span of a radio (diam(G) − 1)-labeling of G and the radio number is the minimum span of a radio (diam(G))-labeling of G. In t...